src/armnnTfParser/TfParser.cpp

//
// Copyright © 2017 Arm Ltd. All rights reserved.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
//
#include "TfParser.hpp"

#include <armnn/INetwork.hpp>
#include <armnn/Utils.hpp>
#include <armnn/TypesUtils.hpp>
#include <armnn/Exceptions.hpp>
#include <armnn/Descriptors.hpp>

#include <GraphTopologicalSort.hpp>
#include <ParserHelper.hpp>
#include <Permute.hpp>
#include <VerificationHelpers.hpp>
#include <DataLayoutIndexed.hpp>

#include <google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream_impl.h>
#include <google/protobuf/text_format.h>

#include "tensorflow/core/framework/graph.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/node_def.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/types.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/tensor.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/tensor_shape.pb.h"

#include <boost/assert.hpp>
#include <boost/format.hpp>
#include <boost/core/ignore_unused.hpp>
#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
#include <boost/numeric/conversion/cast.hpp>
#include <boost/polymorphic_cast.hpp>

#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
#include <numeric>
#include <functional>

using namespace armnnUtils;
using namespace armnn;

namespace armnnTfParser
{
namespace
{

const PermutationVector NHWCToArmNN = { 0, 2, 3, 1 };
const PermutationVector ArmNNToNHWC = { 0, 3, 1, 2 };

IConnectableLayer* AddSwizzleLayer(INetwork& network, IOutputSlot& input, const PermutationVector& mapping,
    const std::string& name)
{
    // Adds swizzle layer.
    IConnectableLayer* const layer = network.AddPermuteLayer(mapping, name.c_str());

    // Connects intput to swizzle layer.
    input.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));

    // Sets up swizzled output.
    const TensorInfo outInfo = armnnUtils::Permuted(input.GetTensorInfo(), mapping);
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outInfo);

    return layer;
}

IConnectableLayer* SwizzleInDeswizzleOut(INetwork& network, IOutputSlot& input, IConnectableLayer& layer,
    const std::string& name)
{
    // Adds swizzle layer.
    IConnectableLayer* const swizzleLayer = AddSwizzleLayer(network, input, NHWCToArmNN, "swizzle_for-" + name);

    // Connects swizzledInput to layer.
    swizzleLayer->GetOutputSlot(0).Connect(layer.GetInputSlot(0));

    // Adds deswizzle layer.
    IConnectableLayer* const deswizzleLayer = AddSwizzleLayer(network, layer.GetOutputSlot(0), ArmNNToNHWC,
        "deswizzle_for-" + name);

    return deswizzleLayer;
}

template <typename Callable>
void ReadMandatoryNodeAttributeImpl(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const std::string& attribName,
    tensorflow::AttrValue::ValueCase expectedValueCase,
    Callable callable)
{
    auto iter = nodeDef.attr().find(attribName);
    if (iter != nodeDef.attr().end())
    {
        const auto& attrValue = iter->second;
        if (attrValue.value_case() == expectedValueCase)
        {
            callable(attrValue);
        }
        else
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Attribute %1% of node %2% expected to have %3% as tensorflow::AttrValue::ValueCase, "
                        "but found %4% instead %5%")
                        % attribName
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % static_cast<int>(expectedValueCase)
                        % static_cast<int>(attrValue.value_case())
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
    }
    else
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Could not find required attribute %1% in node %2% %3%")
                    % attribName
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
}

template <typename Callable>
void ReadOptionalNodeAttributeImpl(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const std::string& attribName,
    tensorflow::AttrValue::ValueCase expectedValueCase,
    Callable callable)
{
    auto iter = nodeDef.attr().find(attribName);
    if (iter != nodeDef.attr().end())
    {
        const auto& attrValue = iter->second;
        if (attrValue.value_case() == expectedValueCase)
        {
            callable(attrValue);
        }
        else
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Attribute %1% of node %2% expected to have %3% as tensorflow::AttrValue::ValueCase, "
                        "but found %4% instead %5%")
                        % attribName
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % static_cast<int>(expectedValueCase)
                        % static_cast<int>(attrValue.value_case())
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
    }
}

float ReadMandatoryNodeFloatAttribute(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const std::string& name)
{
    float attribValue = 0.0f;
    ReadMandatoryNodeAttributeImpl(nodeDef, name, tensorflow::AttrValue::kF,
        [&attribValue](const tensorflow::AttrValue& attrValue)
    {
        attribValue = attrValue.f();
    });
    return attribValue;
}

int32_t ReadMandatoryNodeInt32Attribute(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const std::string& name)
{
    int32_t attribValue = 0u;
    ReadMandatoryNodeAttributeImpl(nodeDef, name, tensorflow::AttrValue::kI,
                                   [&attribValue](const tensorflow::AttrValue& attrValue)
                                   {
                                       attribValue = static_cast<int32_t>(attrValue.i());
                                   });
    return attribValue;
}

uint32_t ReadMandatoryNodeUint32Attribute(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const std::string& name)
{
    uint32_t attribValue = 0u;
    ReadMandatoryNodeAttributeImpl(nodeDef, name, tensorflow::AttrValue::kI,
        [&attribValue](const tensorflow::AttrValue& attrValue)
    {
        attribValue = static_cast<uint32_t>(attrValue.i());
    });
    return attribValue;
}

std::string ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const std::string& name)
{
    std::string attribValue = "";
    ReadMandatoryNodeAttributeImpl(nodeDef, name, tensorflow::AttrValue::kS,
        [&attribValue](const tensorflow::AttrValue& attrValue)
    {
        attribValue = attrValue.s();
    });
    return attribValue;
}

std::vector<uint32_t> ReadMandatoryNodeUint32ListAttribute(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const std::string& name)
{
    std::vector<uint32_t> attriList;
    ReadMandatoryNodeAttributeImpl(nodeDef, name, tensorflow::AttrValue::kList,
        [&attriList](const tensorflow::AttrValue& attrValue)
    {
        for (int attriNum = 0; attriNum < attrValue.list().i_size(); ++attriNum)
        {
            attriList.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(attrValue.list().i(attriNum)));
        }
    });

    return attriList;
}

std::vector<uint32_t> ReadOptionalNodeUint32ListAttribute(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const std::string& name)
{
    std::vector<uint32_t> attriList;
    ReadOptionalNodeAttributeImpl(nodeDef, name, tensorflow::AttrValue::kList,
        [&attriList](const tensorflow::AttrValue& attrValue)
    {
        for (int attriNum = 0; attriNum < attrValue.list().i_size(); ++attriNum)
        {
            attriList.push_back(static_cast<uint32_t>(attrValue.list().i(attriNum)));
        }
    });

    return attriList;
}

bool ReadOptionalNodeBoolAttribute(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const std::string& name,
    bool defaultValue = false)
{
    bool attribValue = defaultValue;
    ReadOptionalNodeAttributeImpl(nodeDef, name, tensorflow::AttrValue::kB,
        [&attribValue](const tensorflow::AttrValue& attrValue)
    {
        attribValue = attrValue.b();
    });
    return attribValue;
}

tensorflow::DataType ReadMandatoryNodeTypeAttribute(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const std::string& name)
{
    tensorflow::DataType attribValue = tensorflow::DT_INVALID;
    ReadMandatoryNodeAttributeImpl(nodeDef, name, tensorflow::AttrValue::kType,
        [&attribValue](const tensorflow::AttrValue& attrValue)
    {
        attribValue = attrValue.type();
    });
    return attribValue;
}

TensorInfo PrepareReshape(const TensorInfo& input, const std::vector<int32_t>& targetDims)
{
    std::vector<unsigned int> outDims(targetDims.begin(), targetDims.end());
    const auto stretchDim = std::find(targetDims.begin(), targetDims.end(), -1);

    if (stretchDim != targetDims.end())
    {
        if (std::find(std::next(stretchDim), targetDims.end(), -1) != targetDims.end())
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "At most one component of shape can be -1 %1%")
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }

        auto targetNumElements =
            boost::numeric_cast<unsigned int>(
                std::accumulate(targetDims.begin(), targetDims.end(), -1, std::multiplies<int32_t>()));
        auto stretchIndex = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(targetDims.begin(), stretchDim));
        outDims[stretchIndex] = input.GetNumElements() / targetNumElements;
    }

    TensorInfo reshapeInfo = input;
    reshapeInfo.SetShape(TensorShape{ static_cast<unsigned int>(outDims.size()), outDims.data() });

    return reshapeInfo;
}

// We need the input0Slot to guide the reshape for input1Slot.
IOutputSlot* AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(IOutputSlot* input0Slot, IOutputSlot* input1Slot, bool isNHWC,
                                         INetwork& m_Network, const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef)
{
    const TensorInfo& input1Info = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo();
    const TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo();
    const unsigned int matchDim = inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions() - (isNHWC ? 1 : 3);
    std::array<unsigned int, MaxNumOfTensorDimensions> reshapedDimensions;
    std::fill_n(reshapedDimensions.begin(), inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions(), 1);
    reshapedDimensions[matchDim] = input1Info.GetShape()[0];

    armnn::TensorInfo reshapedInfo = input1Info;
    reshapedInfo.SetShape(TensorShape{ inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions(), reshapedDimensions.data() });

    const std::string reshapeLayerName = "reshape_for-" + nodeDef.name();
    ReshapeDescriptor reshapeDesc;
    reshapeDesc.m_TargetShape = reshapedInfo.GetShape();
    IConnectableLayer* const reshapeLayer = m_Network.AddReshapeLayer(reshapeDesc, reshapeLayerName.c_str());

    input1Slot->Connect(reshapeLayer->GetInputSlot(0));
    reshapeLayer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(reshapedInfo);

    input1Slot = &reshapeLayer->GetOutputSlot(0);

    return input1Slot;
}

OutputId ParseOutputId(const std::string & name)
{
    unsigned int outputNum = 0;
    size_t colonPos = name.find_last_of(":");
    if (colonPos != std::string::npos)
    {
        int n = std::stoi(name.substr(colonPos+1));
        if (n<0 || n>100)
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Output tensor id is out of range for %1% %2%")
                        % name
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
        outputNum = static_cast<unsigned int>(n);
    }
    return OutputId(name.substr(0,colonPos),outputNum);
}

#define CHECK_DATA_FORMAT(NODE_DEF, FORMAT, NODE_TYPE) \
    if( FORMAT != "NHWC" && FORMAT != "NCHW" ) \
    { \
        throw ParseException( \
            boost::str( \
                boost::format( \
                    "Unsupported data format %1% passed for %2% node %3%. " \
                    "Only NHWC and NCHW supported %4%") \
                    % FORMAT \
                    % NODE_TYPE \
                    % NODE_DEF.name() \
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString())); \
    }

#define CHECK_PADDING_TYPE(NODE_DEF, PADDING) \
    if(PADDING != "SAME" && PADDING != "VALID" ) \
    { \
        throw ParseException( \
            boost::str( \
                boost::format( \
                    "Only 'SAME' and 'VALID' padding supported. Got %1% for %2% %3%") \
                    % PADDING \
                    % NODE_DEF.name() \
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString())); \
    } \

} // namespace

const std::map<std::string, TfParser::OperationParsingFunction> TfParser::ms_OperationNameToParsingFunctions = {
    { "Const",                 &TfParser::ParseConst },
    { "Add",                   &TfParser::ParseAdd },
    { "BiasAdd",               &TfParser::ParseBiasAdd },
    { "Identity",              &TfParser::ParseIdentity },
    { "Conv2D",                &TfParser::ParseConv2D },
    { "DepthwiseConv2dNative", &TfParser::ParseDepthwiseConv2D },
    { "ExpandDims",            &TfParser::ParseExpandDims },
    { "FusedBatchNorm",        &TfParser::ParseFusedBatchNorm },
    { "ConcatV2",              &TfParser::ParseConcat },
    { "LRN",                   &TfParser::ParseLrn },
    { "MatMul",                &TfParser::ParseMatMul },
    { "Mul",                   &TfParser::ParseMul },
    { "Placeholder",           &TfParser::ParsePlaceholder },
    { "RealDiv",               &TfParser::ParseRealDiv },
    { "Relu",                  &TfParser::ParseRelu },
    { "Relu6",                 &TfParser::ParseRelu6 },
    { "Reshape",               &TfParser::ParseReshape },
    { "ResizeBilinear",        &TfParser::ParseResizeBilinear },
    { "Shape",                 &TfParser::ParseShape },
    { "Squeeze",               &TfParser::ParseSqueeze },
    { "Sigmoid",               &TfParser::ParseSigmoid },
    { "Softmax",               &TfParser::ParseSoftmax },
    { "Softplus",              &TfParser::ParseSoftplus },
    { "Tanh",                  &TfParser::ParseTanh },
    { "MaxPool",               &TfParser::ParseMaxPool },
    { "AvgPool",               &TfParser::ParseAvgPool },
    { "Maximum",               &TfParser::ParseMaximum },
    { "Minimum",               &TfParser::ParseMinimum },
    { "Pad",                   &TfParser::ParsePad },
    { "Sub",                   &TfParser::ParseSub },
};

ITfParser* ITfParser::CreateRaw()
{
    return new TfParser();
}

ITfParserPtr ITfParser::Create()
{
    return ITfParserPtr(CreateRaw(), &ITfParser::Destroy);
}

void ITfParser::Destroy(ITfParser* parser)
{
    delete parser;
}

inline void CalculateSamePadding(uint32_t inputSize, uint32_t stride,
                                 uint32_t filterSize, bool samePadding,
                                 uint32_t* paddingFront, uint32_t* paddingBack) {
    *paddingFront = 0;
    *paddingBack = 0;

    if (samePadding) {
        uint32_t outputSize = (inputSize + stride - 1) / stride;
        uint32_t temp = (outputSize - 1) * stride + filterSize;
        if (temp > inputSize) {
            *paddingFront = (temp - inputSize) / 2;
            *paddingBack = (temp - inputSize) - *paddingFront;
        }
    }
}

void CalcPadding(uint32_t input, uint32_t kernel, uint32_t stride, uint32_t& outPadHead, uint32_t& outPadTail,
                 bool samePadding)
{
    CalculateSamePadding(input, stride, kernel, samePadding, &outPadHead, &outPadTail);
}

/// An Abstract base class which represents a single tensorflow operation (node)
/// that has been (potentially partially) converted to Armnn.
/// It may not yet have been fully converted into actual Armnn layers.
class ParsedTfOperation
{
public:
    ParsedTfOperation(TfParser* parser, const tensorflow::NodeDef& node)
    : m_Parser(parser)
    , m_Node(node)
    {
    }

    virtual ~ParsedTfOperation() {};

    const tensorflow::NodeDef& GetNode() const { return m_Node; }

    /// Gets the ArmNN IOutputSlot corresponding to the given output index of the Tensorflow operation.
    /// This may result in the creation of Armnn layers if this was deferred (e.g. see ParsedConstTfOperation).
    virtual IOutputSlot& ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(unsigned int tfOutputIndex) = 0;

    /// If this operation is an Identity then this will follow return the 'parent' operation (recursively).
    virtual ParsedTfOperation* ResolveIdentityOperations()
    {
        return this;
    }

protected:
    TfParser* m_Parser;
    const tensorflow::NodeDef& m_Node;
};

/// An ParsedTfOperation where the Armnn equivalent is a single layer,
/// with output slots that correspond directly to the Tf node outputs.
class SingleLayerParsedTfOperation : public ParsedTfOperation
{
public:
    SingleLayerParsedTfOperation(TfParser* parser, const tensorflow::NodeDef& node, IConnectableLayer* layer)
    : ParsedTfOperation(parser, node)
    , m_Layer(layer)
    {
    }

    IOutputSlot& ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(unsigned int tfOutputIndex) override
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(m_Layer);
        // Assumes one-to-one mapping between Tf and armnn output slots.
        unsigned int armnnOutputSlotIdx = tfOutputIndex;
        if (armnnOutputSlotIdx >= m_Layer->GetNumOutputSlots())
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "The requested output slot #%1% "
                        "for %2% does not exist %3%")
                        % armnnOutputSlotIdx
                        % m_Layer->GetName()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
        return m_Layer->GetOutputSlot(armnnOutputSlotIdx);
    }

protected:
    IConnectableLayer* m_Layer;
};

/// A SingleLayerParsedTfOperation for deferred layer creation.
class DeferredSingleLayerParsedTfOperation : public SingleLayerParsedTfOperation
{
public:
    DeferredSingleLayerParsedTfOperation(TfParser* parser, const tensorflow::NodeDef& node)
    : SingleLayerParsedTfOperation(parser, node, nullptr)
    {
    }

    IOutputSlot& ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(unsigned int tfOutputIndex) override
    {
        if (!m_Layer)
        {
            CreateLayerDeferred();
        }
        return SingleLayerParsedTfOperation::ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(tfOutputIndex);
    }

private:
    virtual void CreateLayerDeferred() = 0;
};


TfParser::TfParser()
    : m_Network(nullptr, nullptr)
{
}


const tensorflow::NodeDef* TfParser::ResolveIdentityNode(const tensorflow::NodeDef* nodeDef)
{
    if (nodeDef->op() != "Identity")
    {
        return nodeDef;
    }

    if (nodeDef->input_size() != 1)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Identity node should have a single input! %1% has %2% inputs %3%")
                    % nodeDef->name()
                    % nodeDef->input_size()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    auto it = m_NodesByName.find(nodeDef->input(0));
    if (it != m_NodesByName.end())
    {
        const tensorflow::NodeDef* inputNode = it->second;
        return ResolveIdentityNode(inputNode);
    }
    else
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Cannot find what the Identity node %1% is linked to! %2%")
                    % nodeDef->name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
}

std::vector<OutputOfConstNodeDef>
TfParser::GetTfInputNodes(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef) const
{
    std::vector<OutputOfConstNodeDef> ret;

    if (nodeDef.op() == "Const")
    {
        // For some reason const node can have "Control Inputs". We ignore them for now.
        return ret;
    }

    ret.reserve(boost::numeric_cast<size_t>(nodeDef.input_size()));
    for (int j = 0; j < nodeDef.input_size(); ++j)
    {
        OutputId outputId = ParseOutputId(nodeDef.input(j));

        if (nodeDef.input(j)[0] == '^') // I couldn't find a better test for control inputs.
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Node '%1%' has Control Input '%2%' for input #%3% which is unsupported. %4%")
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % nodeDef.input(j)
                        % j
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }

        auto inputIt = m_NodesByName.find(outputId.m_IndexedValue);
        if (inputIt == m_NodesByName.end())
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Can't find node '%1%', which is listed as an input of '%2%' %3%")
                        % nodeDef.input(j)
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
        ret.push_back(OutputOfConstNodeDef(inputIt->second,outputId.m_Index));
    }

    return ret;
}

std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation>
TfParser::GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
                                            std::size_t expectedNumInputs)
{
    // Fetches the tensorflow nodes connected as inputs and validate the size.
    std::vector<OutputOfConstNodeDef> nodes = GetTfInputNodes(nodeDef);
    const std::size_t numInputs = nodes.size();
    if (numInputs != expectedNumInputs)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Unexpected number of inputs for node %1%. Expected %2%, found %3% %4%")
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % expectedNumInputs
                    % numInputs
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    // Fetches the corresponding ParsedTfOperation operations
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> result;
    for (auto&& node : nodes)
    {
        auto it = m_ParsedTfOperations.find(node.m_IndexedValue->name());
        if (it == m_ParsedTfOperations.end())
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Node with name '%1%' has not been parsed %2%")
                        % node.m_IndexedValue->name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
        ParsedTfOperation* parsedOp = it->second.get();
        // Transparently 'skip' any Identity operations. This simplifies the logic inside the ParseXXX() functions.
        parsedOp = parsedOp->ResolveIdentityOperations();
        result.push_back(OutputOfParsedTfOperation(parsedOp,node.m_Index));
    }
    return result;
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseAdd(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);

    // If one of the inputs is a MatMul and the other is a const, then we handle both nodes
    // together as FullyConnected.
    if (inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().op() == "MatMul" &&
        HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        IConnectableLayer* layer =
            AddFullyConnectedLayer(inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->GetNode(),
                                   &nodeDef,nodeDef.name().c_str());
        return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
    }
    else if (HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()) &&
                                         inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().op() == "MatMul")
    {
        IConnectableLayer* layer =
            AddFullyConnectedLayer(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode(),
                                   &nodeDef,nodeDef.name().c_str());
        return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
    }
    else
    {
        // Otherwise it's just a regular addition.
        return AddAdditionLayer(nodeDef);
    }
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseBiasAdd(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    return AddAdditionLayer(nodeDef, true);
}

/// An ParsedTfOperation which forwards to another (used for Identity nodes).
class ParsedIdentityTfOperation : public ParsedTfOperation
{
public:
    ParsedIdentityTfOperation(TfParser* parser, const tensorflow::NodeDef& node, ParsedTfOperation* representative)
        : ParsedTfOperation(parser, node)
        , m_Representative(representative)
    {
    }

    virtual IOutputSlot& ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(unsigned int tfOutputIndex) override
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(m_Representative);
        return m_Representative->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(tfOutputIndex);
    }

    virtual ParsedTfOperation* ResolveIdentityOperations() override
    {
        return m_Representative->ResolveIdentityOperations();
    }

private:
    ParsedTfOperation* m_Representative;
};

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseIdentity(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 1);
    // Any requests for the output slots of this node should be forwarded to the node connected as input.
    return std::make_unique<ParsedIdentityTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, inputs[0].m_IndexedValue);
}

/// An ParsedTfOperation for a Const node.
/// Creation of the armnn ConstLayer is deferred until it is actually needed, because Const nodes are mostly used
/// for weight inputs to MatMul/Conv2D nodes and in these cases armnn doesn't need a ConstLayer.
template <typename T>
class ParsedConstTfOperation : public DeferredSingleLayerParsedTfOperation
{
public:
    ParsedConstTfOperation(TfParser* parser, const tensorflow::NodeDef& node,
        const T* tensorData, const TensorInfo& tensorInfo)
        : DeferredSingleLayerParsedTfOperation(parser, node),
        m_Storage(tensorData, tensorData + tensorInfo.GetNumElements()),
        m_TensorInfo(tensorInfo)
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(tensorInfo.GetDataType() == GetDataType<T>());
    }

    void CreateLayerDeferred() override
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(m_Layer == nullptr);
        m_Layer = m_Parser->m_Network->AddConstantLayer(ConstTensor(m_TensorInfo, m_Storage), m_Node.name().c_str());
        m_Layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(m_TensorInfo);
    }

    ConstTensor GetConstTensor(bool swizzleForConvolutionWeights, std::vector<T>& outputTensorData) const
    {
        // Mappings from TensorFlow filter tensors to the ArmNN filter tensors.
        // Tensorflow weights are [H, W, In, Out].
        // ArmNN weights are [Out, In, H, W].
        static const PermutationVector HWIOToOIHW = {2, 3, 1, 0};

        const TensorInfo outInfo = swizzleForConvolutionWeights
                                   ? armnnUtils::Permuted(m_TensorInfo, HWIOToOIHW)
                                   : m_TensorInfo;

        outputTensorData.resize(m_TensorInfo.GetNumElements());

        // Copies or swizzles from the permanent storage into the storage the caller provided.
        if (swizzleForConvolutionWeights)
        {
            armnnUtils::Permute(outInfo.GetShape(), HWIOToOIHW, m_Storage.data(), outputTensorData.data());
        }
        else
        {
            memcpy(outputTensorData.data(), m_Storage.data(), m_TensorInfo.GetNumBytes());
        }
        // Updates the result to point to the user provided storage.
        ConstTensor constTensor(outInfo, outputTensorData);
        return constTensor;
    }

    const T* GetStorage() const
    {
        return m_Storage.data();
    }

    const TensorInfo& GetTensorInfo() const
    {
        return m_TensorInfo;
    }

private:
    ///< Manages the lifetime of the tensor data.
    std::vector<T> m_Storage;
    ///< Describes the layout of the tensor and points to the data in m_Storage.
    TensorInfo m_TensorInfo;
};

DataType ConvertTfTensorDataType(const tensorflow::DataType tfDataType,
                                 const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef)
{
    switch (tfDataType)
    {
    case tensorflow::DT_FLOAT:
        return DataType::Float32;
        break;
    case tensorflow::DT_INT32:
        return DataType::Signed32;
        break;
    default:
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Unknown DataType %1% for node %2% %3%")
                    % tensorflow::DataType_Name(tfDataType)
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
}

struct ParseTfTensorValueList
{
    template<typename DataType>
    static void Parse(
        const tensorflow::TensorProto& tfTensor,
        unsigned int dstElements,
        std::vector<int8_t>& outputData);

    template <typename DataType>
    static void ReadData(const void* srcData, unsigned int numSrcElements,
        std::vector<int8_t>& dstData, unsigned int numDstElements)
    {
        // If there are no entries in the list, perform no action.
        if (numSrcElements == 0)
        {
            return;
        }

        // If no size was provided, use the length of the value list.
        if (numDstElements == 0)
        {
            numDstElements = numSrcElements;
        }

        // Allocates memory.
        dstData.resize(std::max(numSrcElements, numDstElements) * sizeof(DataType));

        const DataType* srcTensor = reinterpret_cast<const DataType*>(srcData);
        DataType* dstTensor = reinterpret_cast<DataType*>(dstData.data());

        // Copies the value list entries into the destination.
        std::copy(srcTensor, srcTensor + numSrcElements, dstTensor);

        if (numDstElements > numSrcElements)
        {
            // Uses the last element in the list to fill the remaining entries.
            std::fill(dstTensor + numSrcElements, dstTensor + numDstElements, srcTensor[numSrcElements - 1]);
        }
    }

};

template <>
void ParseTfTensorValueList::Parse<float>(const tensorflow::TensorProto& tfTensor,
    unsigned int dstElements, std::vector<int8_t>& outputData)
{
    ReadData<float>(tfTensor.float_val().data(), static_cast<unsigned int>(tfTensor.float_val_size()),
        outputData, dstElements);
}

template <>
void ParseTfTensorValueList::Parse<int32_t>(const tensorflow::TensorProto& tfTensor,
    unsigned int dstElements, std::vector<int8_t>& outputData)
{
    ReadData<int32_t>(tfTensor.int_val().data(), static_cast<unsigned int>(tfTensor.int_val_size()),
        outputData, dstElements);
}

template <template<typename> class OperatorType, typename T = int8_t>
struct MakeTfOperation
{
    template<typename DataType, class... Args>
    inline static std::unique_ptr<OperatorType<DataType>> Parse(TfParser* parser, const tensorflow::NodeDef& node,
        Args&&... args)
    {
        return std::make_unique<OperatorType<DataType>>(parser, node, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }
};

template <>
struct MakeTfOperation<ParsedConstTfOperation>
{
    template<typename DataType, class... Args>
    inline static std::unique_ptr<ParsedConstTfOperation<DataType>> Parse(TfParser* parser,
        const tensorflow::NodeDef& node, const std::vector<int8_t>& tensorData, const TensorInfo& tensorInfo)
    {
        return std::make_unique<ParsedConstTfOperation<DataType>>(parser, node,
            reinterpret_cast<const DataType*>(tensorData.data()), tensorInfo);
    }
};

template <class FuncType>
struct InvokeParseFunction
{
    template<class ResType, class... Args>
    inline static ResType Result(DataType dataType, Args&&... args)
    {
        if (dataType == DataType::Float32)
        {
            return FuncType::template Parse<float>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
        }
        else if (dataType == DataType::Signed32)
        {
            return FuncType::template Parse<int32_t>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
        }

        return ResType();
    }

    template<class... Args>
    inline static void Result(DataType dataType, Args&&... args)
    {
        if (dataType == DataType::Float32)
        {
            FuncType::template Parse<float>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
        }
        else if (dataType == DataType::Signed32)
        {
            FuncType::template Parse<int32_t>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
        }
    }
};

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseConst(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    BOOST_ASSERT(nodeDef.op() == "Const");

    if (nodeDef.attr().count("value") == 0)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Value not found for Const node - %1% %2%")
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    const tensorflow::TensorProto& tfTensor = nodeDef.attr().at("value").tensor();
    const tensorflow::TensorShapeProto& tfTensorShape = tfTensor.tensor_shape();
    const tensorflow::DataType tfDataType = ReadMandatoryNodeTypeAttribute(nodeDef, "dtype");

    const auto GetDimensionSize = [](auto& d) { return d.size(); };

    std::vector<unsigned int> dimensionSizes;
    std::transform(tfTensorShape.dim().begin(), tfTensorShape.dim().end(),
        std::back_inserter(dimensionSizes), GetDimensionSize);

    // Calculates number of elements.
    const DataType dataType = ConvertTfTensorDataType(tfDataType, nodeDef);
    unsigned int numElements = 0U;

    if (!dimensionSizes.empty())
    {
        numElements = std::accumulate(dimensionSizes.begin(), dimensionSizes.end(),
                                      1U, std::multiplies<unsigned int>());
    }

    std::vector<int8_t> tensorData;

    // Get tensor data from the list of values attribute.
    if (tfTensor.tensor_content().empty())
    {
        InvokeParseFunction<ParseTfTensorValueList>::Result<void>(dataType, tfTensor, numElements, tensorData);

        // If the tensor shape is not defined, but there is a value list, then interpret the data as a 1D
        // tensor of the provided number of elements.
        if (numElements == 0)
        {
            const unsigned int tfNumElements =
                static_cast<unsigned int>(tensorData.size()) / GetDataTypeSize(dataType);
            dimensionSizes.push_back(tfNumElements);
        }
    }
    // Gets tensor data from tensor content attribute.
    else
    {
        tensorData.assign(tfTensor.tensor_content().begin(), tfTensor.tensor_content().end());

        // Checks if a tensor shape is defined for the tensor content.
        if (numElements == 0)
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "No tensor shape found for Const node - %1% %2%")
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
    }

    // Const node requires at least a list of values or a content attribute.
    if (tensorData.empty())
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "No tensor data found for Const node - %1% %2%")
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    const TensorInfo tensorInfo(static_cast<unsigned int>(dimensionSizes.size()),
                                dimensionSizes.data(),
                                dataType);

    // If we have a list of values, then the length of the list must be
    // less than or equal to the number of elements implied by the shape argument.
    if (tensorData.size() > tensorInfo.GetNumBytes())
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Number of elements (%1%) should be less than or equal "
                    "to the number of elements implied by the shape argument (%2%) for Const node - %3% %4%")
                    % (tensorData.size() / GetDataTypeSize(dataType))
                    % tensorInfo.GetNumElements()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    return InvokeParseFunction<MakeTfOperation<ParsedConstTfOperation>>::Result<ParsedTfOperationPtr>(
        dataType, this, nodeDef, tensorData, tensorInfo);
}

template<typename Type>
bool TfParser::HasParsedConstTensor(const std::string & nodeName) const
{
    auto it = m_ParsedTfOperations.find(nodeName);
    if (it == m_ParsedTfOperations.end())
    {
        return false;
    }
    return dynamic_cast<ParsedConstTfOperation<Type>*>(it->second.get()) != nullptr;
}

template<typename Type>
bool TfParser::HasParsedConstTensor(ParsedTfOperation* parsedTfOpPtr) const
{
    return dynamic_cast<ParsedConstTfOperation<Type>*>(parsedTfOpPtr) != nullptr;
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseConv2D(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);
    IOutputSlot& inputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = inputSlot.GetTensorInfo();

    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports Convolution layers with constant weights for %1%, input %2% %3%")
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* weightNode =
        boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float> *>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue);

    std::string paddingString = ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(nodeDef, "padding");
    std::string dataFormat = ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(nodeDef, "data_format");
    std::vector<uint32_t> strides = ReadMandatoryNodeUint32ListAttribute(nodeDef, "strides");

    // Read the dilations, if present - only [1,1,1,1] (the default) is supported.
    std::vector<uint32_t> dilations = ReadOptionalNodeUint32ListAttribute(nodeDef, "dilations");
    if (!dilations.empty())
    {
        for (auto dilation : dilations)
        {
            if (dilation != 1u)
            {
                throw ParseException(
                    boost::str(
                        boost::format(
                            "ArmNN only supports Convolution layers with dilations [1,1,1,1] for %1% %2%")
                            % nodeDef.name()
                            % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
            }
        }
    }

    Convolution2dDescriptor desc;
    desc.m_BiasEnabled = false;

    CHECK_DATA_FORMAT(nodeDef, dataFormat, "Conv2D");

    DataLayout dataLayout = dataFormat == "NHWC" ? DataLayout::NHWC : DataLayout::NCHW;

    desc.m_DataLayout = dataLayout;

    DataLayoutIndexed dataLayoutIndexed(dataLayout);

    desc.m_StrideX = strides[dataLayoutIndexed.GetWidthIndex()];
    desc.m_StrideY = strides[dataLayoutIndexed.GetHeightIndex()];

    uint32_t inputHeight = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[dataLayoutIndexed.GetHeightIndex()];
    uint32_t inputWidth  = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[dataLayoutIndexed.GetWidthIndex()];

    // Mappings from TensorFlow filter tensors to the ArmNN filter tensors.
    // Tensorflow weights are [H, W, In, Out].
    // ArmNN weights have to be [Out, H, W, In] when the data layout is NHWC,
    // and [Out, In, H, W] when the data layout is NCHW.
    PermutationVector permutationVector =
            dataLayout == DataLayout::NHWC ?
                std::initializer_list<unsigned int>{ 1, 2, 3, 0 } : // NHWC: [H, W, In, Out] -> [Out, H, W, In]
                std::initializer_list<unsigned int>{ 2, 3, 1, 0 };  // NCHW: [H, W, In, Out] -> [Out, In, H, W]

    // Swizzle the tensor using the given permutation vector.
    const TensorInfo& weightTensorInfo = weightNode->GetTensorInfo();
    const TensorInfo weightTensorSwizzledInfo = armnnUtils::Permuted(weightTensorInfo, permutationVector);

    // Swizzles the content of the tensor's permanent storage into a local storage.
    std::vector<float> weightTensorSwizzledData(weightTensorInfo.GetNumElements());
    armnnUtils::Permute(weightTensorSwizzledInfo.GetShape(), permutationVector,
                        weightNode->GetStorage(), weightTensorSwizzledData.data());

    // Create a weight tensor with the newly swizzled data.
    ConstTensor weightTensor(weightTensorSwizzledInfo, weightTensorSwizzledData);

    uint32_t weightHeight = weightTensor.GetShape()[dataLayoutIndexed.GetHeightIndex()];
    uint32_t weightWidth  = weightTensor.GetShape()[dataLayoutIndexed.GetWidthIndex()];

    bool padding = false;
    TensorInfo outputInfo;
    unsigned int outputHeight = 0;
    unsigned int outputWidth = 0;

    CHECK_PADDING_TYPE(nodeDef, paddingString);

    if (paddingString == "SAME")
    {
        padding = true;

        outputHeight = static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(static_cast<float>(inputHeight) /
                                                  static_cast<float>(desc.m_StrideY)));
        outputWidth  = static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(static_cast<float>(inputWidth) /
                                                  static_cast<float>(desc.m_StrideX)));
    }
    else if (paddingString == "VALID")
    {
        padding = false;

        outputHeight = static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(static_cast<float>(inputHeight - weightHeight + 1) /
                                                  static_cast<float>(desc.m_StrideY)));
        outputWidth  = static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(static_cast<float>(inputWidth - weightWidth + 1) /
                                                  static_cast<float>(desc.m_StrideX)));
    }

    switch (dataLayout)
    {
    case DataLayout::NHWC:
        outputInfo = TensorInfo({ inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[0],
                                  outputHeight,
                                  outputWidth,
                                  weightTensor.GetShape()[0] },
                                DataType::Float32);
        break;
    case DataLayout::NCHW:
    default:
        outputInfo = TensorInfo({ inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[0],
                                  weightTensor.GetShape()[0],
                                  outputHeight,
                                  outputWidth },
                                DataType::Float32);
        break;
    }

    CalcPadding(inputHeight, weightHeight, desc.m_StrideY, desc.m_PadTop, desc.m_PadBottom, padding);
    CalcPadding(inputWidth, weightWidth, desc.m_StrideX, desc.m_PadLeft, desc.m_PadRight, padding);

    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddConvolution2dLayer(desc, weightTensor, nodeDef.name().c_str());
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputInfo);
    inputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseDepthwiseConv2D(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
                                                    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);
    IOutputSlot& inputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = inputSlot.GetTensorInfo();

    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports Depthwise Convolution layer with constant weights. "
                    "Non const input found %1% for node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* weightNode =
        boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float> *>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue);


    std::string paddingString = ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(nodeDef, "padding");
    std::string dataFormat = ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(nodeDef, "data_format");
    std::vector<uint32_t> strides = ReadMandatoryNodeUint32ListAttribute(nodeDef, "strides");

    DepthwiseConvolution2dDescriptor desc;
    desc.m_BiasEnabled = false;

    CHECK_DATA_FORMAT(nodeDef, dataFormat, "DepthwiseConv2dNative");

    if (dataFormat == "NHWC")
    {
        desc.m_StrideX = strides[2];
        desc.m_StrideY = strides[1];
        // Swizzles input to supported memory layout.
        inputTensorInfo = armnnUtils::Permuted(inputSlot.GetTensorInfo(), NHWCToArmNN);
    }
    else if (dataFormat == "NCHW")
    {
        desc.m_StrideX = strides[3];
        desc.m_StrideY = strides[2];
    }

    uint32_t inputHeight = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[2];
    uint32_t inputWidth = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[3];

    std::vector<float> outputTensorData;

    ConstTensor weightTensor = weightNode->GetConstTensor(true, outputTensorData);

    uint32_t weightHeight = weightTensor.GetShape()[2];
    uint32_t weightWidth = weightTensor.GetShape()[3];

    bool padding = false;
    TensorInfo outputInfo;

    CHECK_PADDING_TYPE(nodeDef, paddingString);

    if (paddingString == "SAME")
    {
        padding = true;
        outputInfo = TensorInfo({ inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[0],
                                weightTensor.GetShape()[0] * weightTensor.GetShape()[1],
                                static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(
                                    static_cast<float>(inputHeight) /
                                    static_cast<float>(desc.m_StrideY))),
                                static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(
                                    static_cast<float>(inputWidth) /
                                    static_cast<float>(desc.m_StrideX)))
                                }, DataType::Float32);
    }
    else if (paddingString == "VALID")
    {
        padding = false;
        outputInfo = TensorInfo({ inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[0],
                                weightTensor.GetShape()[0] * weightTensor.GetShape()[1],
                                static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(
                                    static_cast<float>(inputHeight - weightHeight + 1) /
                                    static_cast<float>(desc.m_StrideY))),
                                static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(
                                    static_cast<float>(inputWidth - weightWidth + 1) /
                                    static_cast<float>(desc.m_StrideX)))
                                }, DataType::Float32);
    }

    CalcPadding(inputHeight, weightHeight, desc.m_StrideY, desc.m_PadTop, desc.m_PadBottom, padding);
    CalcPadding(inputWidth, weightWidth, desc.m_StrideX, desc.m_PadLeft, desc.m_PadRight, padding);

    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddDepthwiseConvolution2dLayer(desc, weightTensor, nodeDef.name().c_str());
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputInfo);

    if (dataFormat == "NHWC")
    {
        layer = SwizzleInDeswizzleOut(*m_Network, inputSlot, *layer, nodeDef.name());
    }
    else
    {
        inputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    }

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

TensorInfo OutputShapeOfExpandDims(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, TensorInfo inputTensorInfo)
{
    BOOST_ASSERT(nodeDef.op() == "ExpandDims");

    if (inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions() > 4) {
        throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                        boost::format(
                                "Unsupported number of dimensions: %1% for input shape for ExpandDims %2% %3%")
                        % inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions()
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    std::int32_t expandDim = ReadMandatoryNodeInt32Attribute(nodeDef, "Tdim");

    std::int32_t inputDimSize = boost::numeric_cast<int32_t>(inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions());
    std::vector<uint32_t> outputDims;

    // expandDim operation requires: -1-input.dims() <= dim <= input.dims()
    if (expandDim >= -1 - inputDimSize && expandDim <= inputDimSize)
    {
        // add current input shape to outputDims
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions(); ++i) {
            auto currentDimension = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[i];
            outputDims.push_back(currentDimension);
        }

        // insert a dimension of 1 at index 'expandDim' of inputs shape
        if (expandDim >= 0)
        {
            auto getPosition = std::next(outputDims.begin() + 0, expandDim);
            outputDims.insert(getPosition, 1);
        }

        // if negative number for 'expandDim' then count backwards from the last element
        // and insert 1 dimension at index 'expandDim'
        if (expandDim < 0)
        {
            int outputDimSize = boost::numeric_cast<int>(outputDims.size() + 1);
            auto getPosition = std::next(outputDims.begin() + outputDimSize, expandDim);
            outputDims.insert(getPosition, 1);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        throw InvalidArgumentException(
                boost::str(
                        boost::format(
                                "Cannot expand dimension %1% in input tensor with %2% dimension %3%")
                        % expandDim
                        % inputDimSize
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    if (outputDims.size() > 4)
    {
        throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                        boost::format(
                                "Unsupported number of dimensions: %1% for output shape for ExpandDims %2% %3%")
                        % outputDims.size()
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    TensorShape outShape = TensorShape(static_cast<unsigned int>(outputDims.size()),
                                       outputDims.data());

    TensorInfo outTensorInfo = inputTensorInfo;
    outTensorInfo.SetShape(outShape);

    return outTensorInfo;
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseExpandDims(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 1);

    IOutputSlot& prevLayerOutputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = prevLayerOutputSlot.GetTensorInfo();

    TensorInfo outputInfo;
    outputInfo = OutputShapeOfExpandDims(nodeDef, inputTensorInfo);

    ReshapeDescriptor reshapeDesc;
    reshapeDesc.m_TargetShape = outputInfo.GetShape();
    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddReshapeLayer(reshapeDesc, nodeDef.name().c_str());
    prevLayerOutputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputInfo);

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseFusedBatchNorm(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
                                                   const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 5);

    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports FusedBatchNormalization layers with constant scale. "
                    "Input %1%. Node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* scaleNode =
        boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float> *>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue);

    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[2].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports FusedBatchNormalization layers with constant offset. "
                    "Input %1%. Node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs[2].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* offsetNode =
        boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float> *>(inputs[2].m_IndexedValue);

    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[3].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports FusedBatchNormalization layers with constant mean. "
                    "Input %1%. Node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs[3].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* meanNode =
        boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float> *>(inputs[3].m_IndexedValue);

    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[4].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports FusedBatchNormalization layers with constant variance. "
                    "Input %1%. Node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs[4].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* varianceNode =
        boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float> *>(inputs[4].m_IndexedValue);

    const std::string dataFormat = ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(nodeDef, "data_format");

    CHECK_DATA_FORMAT(nodeDef, dataFormat, "FusedBatchNorm");

    // The descriptor only has the epsilon attribute.
    BatchNormalizationDescriptor desc;
    desc.m_Eps = ReadMandatoryNodeFloatAttribute(nodeDef, "epsilon");
    desc.m_DataLayout = dataFormat == "NHWC" ? DataLayout::NHWC : DataLayout::NCHW;

    // Data for the parsed tensor args (scale, offset, mean, variance) must be stored
    // locally until the layer is added.
    std::vector<float> scaleTensorData;
    ConstTensor scaleTensor = scaleNode->GetConstTensor(false, scaleTensorData);

    std::vector<float> offsetTensorData;
    ConstTensor offsetTensor = offsetNode->GetConstTensor(false, offsetTensorData);

    std::vector<float> meanTensorData;
    ConstTensor meanTensor = meanNode->GetConstTensor(false, meanTensorData);

    std::vector<float> varianceTensorData;
    ConstTensor varianceTensor = varianceNode->GetConstTensor(false, varianceTensorData);

    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddBatchNormalizationLayer(desc,
                                                                     meanTensor,
                                                                     varianceTensor,
                                                                     offsetTensor,
                                                                     scaleTensor,
                                                                     nodeDef.name().c_str());

    IOutputSlot& inputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);

    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(inputSlot.GetTensorInfo());
    inputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

bool TfParser::IsSupportedLeakyReluPattern(const tensorflow::NodeDef& mulNodeDef,
                                           size_t alphaLayerIndex,
                                           const OutputOfParsedTfOperation& otherOp,
                                           armnn::IOutputSlot** outputOfLeakyRelu,
                                           armnn::ActivationDescriptor & desc)
{
    const tensorflow::NodeDef& otherNodeDef = otherOp.m_IndexedValue->GetNode();

    // Verifying all these assumptions hold:
    //
    // 1, the mulNodeDef is an elementwise multiplication node "Mul"
    // 2, the alphaLayerIndex selects a constant node from the inputs of the "Mul" node
    // 3, the inputLayerIndex selects a layer which has the same name as otherNodeDef
    //

    if (mulNodeDef.op() == "Mul")
    {
        size_t otherLayerIndex = (alphaLayerIndex == 0 ? 1 : 0);
        std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(mulNodeDef, 2);

        BOOST_ASSERT(inputs.size() == 2);
        BOOST_ASSERT((otherLayerIndex == 0 || alphaLayerIndex == 0));
        BOOST_ASSERT((otherLayerIndex == 1 || alphaLayerIndex == 1));
        BOOST_ASSERT(((otherLayerIndex + alphaLayerIndex) == 1));

        if (inputs[otherLayerIndex].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name() == otherNodeDef.name())
        {
            if (HasParsedConstTensor<float>(inputs[alphaLayerIndex].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
            {
                ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* alpha =
                    boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float> *>(
                        inputs[alphaLayerIndex].m_IndexedValue);

                std::vector<float> const_data;
                ConstTensor const_tensor = alpha->GetConstTensor(false, const_data);

                if (const_data.size() == 1)
                {
                    desc.m_Function = ActivationFunction::LeakyReLu;
                    desc.m_A = const_data[0];

                    *outputOfLeakyRelu = &(otherOp.m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(otherOp.m_Index));
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseMaximum(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
                                            const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);
    if (inputs.size() != 2)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Maximum expects two inputs!. Got %1% for Node %2% %3%")
                % inputs.size()
                % nodeDef.name()
                % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    auto inputNode0 = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->GetNode();
    auto inputNode1 = inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode();
    IOutputSlot* outputOfLeakyRelu = nullptr;

    ActivationDescriptor desc;

    // A max node may be part of a LeakyRelu, with one input as a multiplication with a scalar constant,
    // i.e. one of the four possible scenarios:
    //  1, max(mul(a, x), x)
    //  2, max(mul(x, a), x)
    //  3, max(x, mul(a, x))
    //  4, max(x, mul(x, a))
    // These are handled by an activation layer.

    if (IsSupportedLeakyReluPattern(inputNode0, 0, inputs[1], &outputOfLeakyRelu, desc) ||
        IsSupportedLeakyReluPattern(inputNode0, 1, inputs[1], &outputOfLeakyRelu, desc) ||
        IsSupportedLeakyReluPattern(inputNode1, 0, inputs[0], &outputOfLeakyRelu, desc) ||
        IsSupportedLeakyReluPattern(inputNode1, 1, inputs[0], &outputOfLeakyRelu, desc))
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(outputOfLeakyRelu != nullptr);

        IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddActivationLayer(desc, nodeDef.name().c_str());
        outputOfLeakyRelu->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputOfLeakyRelu->GetTensorInfo());
        return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
    }
    else
    {
        // Anything else is just a maximum layer.

        return AddMaximumLayer(nodeDef);
    }
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseMinimum(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
                                            const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);

    IOutputSlot* input0Slot = &inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    IOutputSlot* input1Slot = &inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[1].m_Index);
    const unsigned int input0Dim = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetNumDimensions();
    const unsigned int input1Dim = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetNumDimensions();

    if (input0Dim != input1Dim)
    {
        // broadcasting where input0 and input1 have different number of dimensions
        // is only supported for 1D and 4D tensors pair
        if (input0Dim == 1 && input1Dim == 4)
        {
            input0Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input1Slot, input0Slot, true, *m_Network, nodeDef);
        }
        else if (input0Dim == 4 && input1Dim == 1)
        {
            input1Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input0Slot, input1Slot, true, *m_Network, nodeDef);
        }
        else
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format("Unsupported broadcast configuration for Minimum operation %1% %2%")
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
    }

    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddMinimumLayer(nodeDef.name().c_str());

    input0Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    input1Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(1));

    TensorInfo outputInfo = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo();
    std::vector<unsigned int> outputShape;

    const TensorShape& input0Shape = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetShape();
    const TensorShape& input1Shape = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetShape();

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < input0Shape.GetNumDimensions(); i++)
    {
        outputShape.push_back(std::max(input0Shape[i], input1Shape[i]));
    }

    outputInfo.SetShape(TensorShape(input0Shape.GetNumDimensions(), outputShape.data()));
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputInfo);

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseSub(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);

    IOutputSlot* input0Slot = &inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    IOutputSlot* input1Slot = &inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[1].m_Index);

    const TensorInfo& input0Info = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo();
    const TensorInfo& input1Info = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo();

    if (input0Info.GetNumDimensions() == 1)
    {
        const bool isNHWC = true;
        input0Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input1Slot, input0Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }

    if (input1Info.GetNumDimensions() == 1)
    {
        const bool isNHWC = true;
        input1Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input0Slot, input1Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }

    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddSubtractionLayer(nodeDef.name().c_str());

    input0Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    input1Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(1));

    if (input0Info.GetNumDimensions() == 1)
    {
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(input1Slot->GetTensorInfo());
    }
    else
    {
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(input0Slot->GetTensorInfo());
    }

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

unsigned int CheckPaddingTensor(const ConstTensor& paddingTensor,
                                const TensorInfo& inputTensorInfo,
                                const std::string& nodeName)
{
    unsigned int rank = paddingTensor.GetShape()[0];
    unsigned int expectedRank = inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions();
    if (rank != expectedRank)
    {
        throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                        boost::format(
                                "Expected the padding tensor to be of rank %1 not %2 on Node %3 %4.")
                        % expectedRank
                        % rank
                        % nodeName
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    unsigned int second = paddingTensor.GetShape()[1];
    if (second != 2)
    {
        throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                        boost::format(
                                "Expected the padding tensor to be of dimensions [%1, 2] not [%1, %2] on Node %3 %4.")
                        % rank
                        % second
                        % nodeName
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    return rank;
}

TensorInfo CalculatePaddedOutputTensorInfo(const TensorInfo& inputTensorInfo,
                                           const std::vector<std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>>& padList)
{
    unsigned int numDims = inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions();
    std::vector<unsigned int> outDims;
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < numDims; ++i)
    {
        unsigned int dimSize = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[i];
        const std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>& dimPadding = padList[i];
        dimSize += dimPadding.first;
        dimSize += dimPadding.second;
        outDims.push_back(dimSize);
    }
    TensorInfo paddedTensorInfo = inputTensorInfo;
    unsigned int outDimsSize = static_cast<unsigned int>(outDims.size());
    paddedTensorInfo.SetShape(TensorShape{ outDimsSize, outDims.data() });
    return paddedTensorInfo;
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParsePad(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
                                        const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    // input consists of:
    // input[0] the tensor which will be padded
    // input[1] the tensor holding the padding values
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);
    IOutputSlot& previousLayerOutputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = previousLayerOutputSlot.GetTensorInfo();
    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<int32_t>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue))
    {
        throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                        boost::format(
                                "ArmNN only supports Pad with constant padding. "
                                "Input %1%. Node %2% %3%")
                        % inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));

    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>* paddingTensorOp =
            boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>*>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue);

    std::vector<int32_t> paddingTensorData;
    ConstTensor paddingTensor = paddingTensorOp->GetConstTensor(false, paddingTensorData);
    // paddings is an integer tensor with shape [n, 2], where n is the rank of tensor
    // and should match the rank of the input tensor that is being padded.
    // For each dimension D of input, paddings[D, 0] indicates how many values to add
    // before the contents of tensor in that dimension, and paddings[D, 1] indicates how
    // many values to add after the contents of tensor in that dimension
    // This needs to be translated into a padList for ACL
    std::vector<std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int>> padList;
    unsigned int rank = CheckPaddingTensor(paddingTensor, inputTensorInfo, nodeDef.name());
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < rank; ++i)
    {
        std::pair<unsigned int, unsigned int> paddingForDim;
        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
        {
            unsigned int index = (i * 2) + j;
            int paddingAmount = paddingTensorData[index];
            // make sure we can cast to an unsigned value
            if (paddingAmount < 0)
            {
                throw ParseException(
                        boost::str(
                                boost::format(
                                        "Negative amount %1 specified at [%2, %3] of padding tensor on Node %4 %5.")
                                % paddingAmount
                                % i
                                % j
                                % nodeDef.name()
                                % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
            }
            if (j == 0)
            {
                paddingForDim.first = static_cast<unsigned int>(paddingAmount);
            }
            else
            {
                paddingForDim.second = static_cast<unsigned int>(paddingAmount);
            }
        }
        padList.push_back(paddingForDim);
    }
    PadDescriptor padDescriptor(padList);
    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddPadLayer(padDescriptor, nodeDef.name().c_str());
    previousLayerOutputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    // Use the padding to calculate the new output tensor shape
    TensorInfo outputTensorInfo = CalculatePaddedOutputTensorInfo(inputTensorInfo, padList);
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputTensorInfo);
    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseConcat(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
                                           const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfConstNodeDef> nodes = GetTfInputNodes(nodeDef);
    // In tensorflow, we have the last input of the Concat layer as the axis for concatenation.
    unsigned int numInputs = static_cast<unsigned int>(nodes.size());
    unsigned int numConcatView = numInputs - 1;

    OriginsDescriptor concatDescriptor(static_cast<uint32_t>(numConcatView), MaxNumOfTensorDimensions);
    std::vector<unsigned int>mergeDimSizes(MaxNumOfTensorDimensions, 0u);

    unsigned int mergeDim = 0;
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, numInputs);

    // The last input is the axis for concatenation.
    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<int32_t>(inputs[numInputs - 1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports Concat with constant axis. "
                    "Input %1%. Node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs[numInputs - 1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>* shapeNode =
            boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>*>(inputs[numInputs - 1].m_IndexedValue);

    std::vector<int32_t> axisTensorData;
    ConstTensor axisTensor = shapeNode->GetConstTensor(false, axisTensorData);

    // This concatDim indicates the data format: 3 is the NHWC, 1 is the NCHW.
    const unsigned int concatDimInput = static_cast<unsigned int>(axisTensorData[0]);

    // Armnn supports concatenation along the channel dimension for data formats NHWC and NCHW.
    if (concatDimInput == 0 || concatDimInput == 2)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Dimension %1% for concatenation is not supported by Armnn. "
                    "Node %2% %3%")
                    % concatDimInput
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    // This is the only concatDim we support in armnn.
    const unsigned int concatDim = 1;
    for (unsigned int viewIndex = 0; viewIndex < numConcatView; ++viewIndex)
    {
        // Need to double check whether it should be
        IOutputSlot& inputSlot =
            inputs[viewIndex].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[viewIndex].m_Index);
        TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = inputSlot.GetTensorInfo();

        // process the input tensor info
        armnnUtils::ProcessConcatInputTensorInfo(inputTensorInfo, concatDescriptor,
                                                 concatDimInput, viewIndex, mergeDimSizes, mergeDim);
    }

    mergeDimSizes[concatDim] = mergeDim;
    armnn::IConnectableLayer *layer = m_Network->AddMergerLayer(concatDescriptor, nodeDef.name().c_str());

    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(armnn::TensorInfo(MaxNumOfTensorDimensions, mergeDimSizes.data(),
                                                            DataType::Float32));

    for (unsigned int v = 0; v < numConcatView; ++v)
    {
        IOutputSlot& inputSlot = inputs[v].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[v].m_Index);
        if (concatDimInput == 3)
        {
            IConnectableLayer* const swizzleLayer = AddSwizzleLayer(*m_Network, inputSlot, NHWCToArmNN,
                                                                    "swizzle_for-" + nodeDef.name());
            swizzleLayer->GetOutputSlot(0).Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(v));
        }
        else
        {
            inputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(v));
        }
    }

    if (concatDimInput == 3)
    {
        IConnectableLayer* const deswizzleLayer = AddSwizzleLayer(*m_Network, layer->GetOutputSlot(0), ArmNNToNHWC,
                                                                  "deswizzle_for-" + nodeDef.name());
        layer = deswizzleLayer;
    }

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseShape(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    // Note: the Shape layer is handled in a special way, because:
    //        1. ARMNN doesn't support int32 tensors which it outputs.
    //        2. ARMNN works with statically shaped tensors which are known at parse time.
    //        3. because of 1. and 2. we treat the output of Shape as a temporary const int32
    //           tensor which may be used as an input to other ops, most likely a Reshape.

    const tensorflow::DataType tfDataType = ReadMandatoryNodeTypeAttribute(nodeDef, "out_type");
    if (tfDataType != tensorflow::DT_INT32)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Armnn only supports DT_INT32 as out_type. Got %1% for Node %2% %3%")
                    % tensorflow::DataType_Name(tfDataType)
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    const std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 1);
    IOutputSlot& prevLayerOutputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    const TensorInfo& prevLayerTensorInfo = prevLayerOutputSlot.GetTensorInfo();
    unsigned int prevLayerDimensions = prevLayerTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions();

    std::vector<int32_t> shapeTensorData;
    shapeTensorData.reserve(prevLayerDimensions);

    for (unsigned int i=0; i<prevLayerDimensions; ++i)
    {
        shapeTensorData.push_back(static_cast<int32_t>(prevLayerTensorInfo.GetShape()[i]));
    }

    TensorInfo shapeTensorInfo(1, &prevLayerDimensions, DataType::Signed32);

    return std::make_unique<ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>>(this,
                                                             nodeDef,
                                                             &shapeTensorData[0],
                                                             shapeTensorInfo);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseReshape(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);
    ParsedTfOperation* inputNode = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue;

    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<int32_t>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports Reshape layers with constant shapes. "
                    "Input %1% Node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>* shapeNode =
        boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>*>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue);

    armnn::IOutputSlot& prevLayerOutputSlot = inputNode->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = prevLayerOutputSlot.GetTensorInfo();

    std::vector<int32_t> shapeTensorData;
    ConstTensor shapeTensor = shapeNode->GetConstTensor(false, shapeTensorData);
    const TensorInfo outputTensorInfo = PrepareReshape(inputTensorInfo, shapeTensorData);

    TensorShape targetShape = outputTensorInfo.GetShape();
    ReshapeDescriptor reshapeDesc;
    reshapeDesc.m_TargetShape = targetShape;

    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddReshapeLayer(reshapeDesc, nodeDef.name().c_str());
    prevLayerOutputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputTensorInfo);

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseResizeBilinear(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);

    if (!HasParsedConstTensor<int32_t>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports ResizeBilinear layers with constant sizes. "
                    "Input %1%. Node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>* sizeNode =
        boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<int32_t>*>(inputs[1].m_IndexedValue);

    // Checks the align_corners attribute is not set.
    if (ReadOptionalNodeBoolAttribute(nodeDef, "align_corners", false))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports ResizeBilinear layers with align_corners set to false. "
                    "Node %1% %2%")
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    // Data for the parsed tensor args (size) must be stored locally.
    std::vector<int32_t> sizeTensorData;
    ConstTensor sizeTensor = sizeNode->GetConstTensor(false, sizeTensorData);

    // The descriptor only has target height and width attributes, which we get from the size tensor.
    ResizeBilinearDescriptor desc;
    desc.m_TargetHeight = static_cast<uint32_t> (sizeTensorData[0]);
    desc.m_TargetWidth = static_cast<uint32_t> (sizeTensorData[1]);
    desc.m_DataLayout = armnn::DataLayout::NHWC;

    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddResizeBilinearLayer(desc, nodeDef.name().c_str());

    IOutputSlot& inputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = inputSlot.GetTensorInfo();
    // The input shape is always in BHWC format, this will be swizzled below; for now,
    // get the batch and channels to make up the ArmNN output shape with the target size.
    unsigned int outBatch = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[0];
    unsigned int outChannels = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[3];
    unsigned int outHeight = desc.m_TargetHeight;
    unsigned int outWidth = desc.m_TargetWidth;
    TensorShape outShape({outBatch, outHeight, outWidth, outChannels });
    // The output DataType is always Float32, regardless of the input DataType.
    const TensorInfo outputTensorInfo(outShape, armnn::DataType::Float32);
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputTensorInfo);

    inputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

TensorInfo OutputShapeOfSqueeze(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, TensorInfo inputTensorInfo)
{
    BOOST_ASSERT(nodeDef.op() == "Squeeze");
    tensorflow::DataType tfDataType = ReadMandatoryNodeTypeAttribute(nodeDef, "T");

    DataType type;
    if (tfDataType == tensorflow::DT_FLOAT)
    {
        type = DataType::Float32;
    }
    else if (tfDataType == tensorflow::DT_INT32)
    {
        type = DataType::Signed32;
    }
    else
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format("Unsupported DataType %1% for Squeeze operation %2% %3%")
                % tensorflow::DataType_Name(tfDataType)
                % nodeDef.name()
                % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }


    if (inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions() > 4)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Unsupported number of dimensions: %1% for input shape for Squeeze %2% %3%")
                    % inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    std::vector<uint32_t> squeezeDims = ReadOptionalNodeUint32ListAttribute(nodeDef, "squeeze_dims");
    static const uint32_t dimensionSequence[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };

    if (squeezeDims.empty())
    {
        squeezeDims.assign(dimensionSequence,
                           dimensionSequence+inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions());
    }

    std::vector<uint32_t> outputDims;
    for(unsigned int i = 0; i < inputTensorInfo.GetNumDimensions(); i++)
    {
        bool skipSqueeze = (std::find(squeezeDims.begin(), squeezeDims.end(), i) == squeezeDims.end());
        auto currentDimension = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[i];
        if (skipSqueeze || currentDimension != 1)
        {
            outputDims.push_back(currentDimension);
        }
    }

    if (outputDims.size() > 4)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Unsupported number of dimensions: %1% for output shape for Squeeze %2% %3%")
                    % outputDims.size()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    TensorShape outShape = TensorShape(static_cast<unsigned int>(outputDims.size()),
                                       outputDims.data());

    TensorInfo outTensorInfo = inputTensorInfo;
    outTensorInfo.SetShape(outShape);
    outTensorInfo.SetDataType(type);

    return outTensorInfo;
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseSqueeze(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 1);

    IOutputSlot& prevLayerOutputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = prevLayerOutputSlot.GetTensorInfo();

    TensorInfo outputInfo;
    outputInfo = OutputShapeOfSqueeze(nodeDef, inputTensorInfo);

    ReshapeDescriptor reshapeDesc;
    reshapeDesc.m_TargetShape = outputInfo.GetShape();
    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddReshapeLayer(reshapeDesc, nodeDef.name().c_str());
    prevLayerOutputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputInfo);

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseLrn(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 1);

    NormalizationDescriptor normalizationDescriptor;
    normalizationDescriptor.m_NormMethodType = NormalizationAlgorithmMethod::LocalBrightness;
    normalizationDescriptor.m_NormChannelType = NormalizationAlgorithmChannel::Across;
    normalizationDescriptor.m_Alpha = ReadMandatoryNodeFloatAttribute(nodeDef, "alpha");
    normalizationDescriptor.m_Beta = ReadMandatoryNodeFloatAttribute(nodeDef, "beta");
    normalizationDescriptor.m_K = ReadMandatoryNodeFloatAttribute(nodeDef, "bias");
    normalizationDescriptor.m_NormSize = ReadMandatoryNodeUint32Attribute(nodeDef, "depth_radius");
    normalizationDescriptor.m_DataLayout = armnn::DataLayout::NHWC;

    // The window size must be an odd value. For a window size of (2 * n + 1), TensorFlow defines depth_radius = n.
    normalizationDescriptor.m_NormSize = normalizationDescriptor.m_NormSize * 2 + 1;

    IOutputSlot& prevLayerOutputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddNormalizationLayer(normalizationDescriptor,
        nodeDef.name().c_str());
    prevLayerOutputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(prevLayerOutputSlot.GetTensorInfo());

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

/// An ParsedTfOperation for a MatMul node.
/// Creation of the armnn FullyConnected layer is deferred until it is actually needed, because
/// MatMul nodes are often used for the first part of a biased FullyConnected (MatMul followed
/// by Add) and in these cases armnn doesn't need a separate layer for the MatMul.
///
class ParsedMatMulTfOperation : public DeferredSingleLayerParsedTfOperation
{
public:
    ParsedMatMulTfOperation(TfParser* parser, const tensorflow::NodeDef& node)
        : DeferredSingleLayerParsedTfOperation(parser, node)
    {
    }

    void CreateLayerDeferred() override
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(m_Layer == nullptr);
        m_Layer = m_Parser->AddFullyConnectedLayer(m_Node, nullptr, m_Node.name().c_str());
    }
};

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseMatMul(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    // Defers the creation of the layer (see ParsedMatMulTfOperation).
    return std::make_unique<ParsedMatMulTfOperation>(this, nodeDef);
}

/// An ParsedTfOperation for a Mul node.
/// Creation of the armnn Mul layer is deferred until it is actually needed, because Mul nodes
/// are also used for the first part of a leaky relu activation function (Mul followed by Maximum)
/// and in these cases armnn doesn't need a separate layer for the Mul.
///
class ParsedMulTfOperation : public DeferredSingleLayerParsedTfOperation
{
public:
    ParsedMulTfOperation(TfParser* parser, const tensorflow::NodeDef& node)
        : DeferredSingleLayerParsedTfOperation(parser, node)
    {
    }

    void CreateLayerDeferred() override
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT(m_Layer == nullptr);
        m_Layer = m_Parser->AddMultiplicationLayer(m_Node);
    }
};

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseMul(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);

    return std::make_unique<ParsedMulTfOperation>(this, nodeDef);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParsePlaceholder(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);

    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 0);

    const LayerBindingId layerId = boost::numeric_cast<LayerBindingId>(m_NetworkInputsBindingInfo.size());

    auto it = m_InputShapes.find(nodeDef.name());
    if (it == m_InputShapes.end())
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Missing input shape for Placeholder '%1%' %2%")
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    TensorInfo tensorInfo(it->second, DataType::Float32);

    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddInputLayer(layerId, nodeDef.name().c_str());

    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(tensorInfo);

    TrackInputBinding(layer, layerId, tensorInfo);

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseRealDiv(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);
    return AddRealDivLayer(nodeDef);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseRelu(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);

    ActivationDescriptor activationDesc;
    activationDesc.m_Function = ActivationFunction::ReLu;
    return AddActivationLayer(nodeDef, activationDesc);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseRelu6(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);

    ActivationDescriptor activationDesc;
    activationDesc.m_Function = ActivationFunction::BoundedReLu;
    activationDesc.m_A = 6.0f;
    activationDesc.m_B = 0.0f;

    return AddActivationLayer(nodeDef, activationDesc);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseSigmoid(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);

    ActivationDescriptor activationDesc;
    activationDesc.m_Function = ActivationFunction::Sigmoid;

    return AddActivationLayer(nodeDef, activationDesc);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseSoftmax(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);

    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 1);

    SoftmaxDescriptor softmaxDescriptor;
    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddSoftmaxLayer(softmaxDescriptor, nodeDef.name().c_str());

    IOutputSlot& prevLayerSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    prevLayerSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(prevLayerSlot.GetTensorInfo());

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseSoftplus(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);

    ActivationDescriptor activationDesc;
    activationDesc.m_Function = ActivationFunction::SoftReLu;

    return AddActivationLayer(nodeDef, activationDesc);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseTanh(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    boost::ignore_unused(graphDef);

    ActivationDescriptor activationDesc;
    activationDesc.m_Function = ActivationFunction::TanH;
    activationDesc.m_A = 1.0f;
    activationDesc.m_B = 1.0f;

    return AddActivationLayer(nodeDef, activationDesc);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::AddActivationLayer(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    ActivationDescriptor& activationDesc)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 1);

    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddActivationLayer(activationDesc, nodeDef.name().c_str());

    IOutputSlot& prevLayerOutputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    prevLayerOutputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(prevLayerOutputSlot.GetTensorInfo());
    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseMaxPool(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    return ParsePooling2d(nodeDef, graphDef, PoolingAlgorithm::Max);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParseAvgPool(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    return ParsePooling2d(nodeDef, graphDef, PoolingAlgorithm::Average);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::ParsePooling2d(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef,
    const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef, PoolingAlgorithm pooltype)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 1);
    IOutputSlot& inputSlot = inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    TensorInfo inputTensorInfo = inputSlot.GetTensorInfo();

    if (inputs.size() != 1)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "2D Pooling expects one input!. Got %1% for Node %2% %3%")
                    % inputs.size()
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    std::string paddingString = ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(nodeDef, "padding");
    std::string dataFormat = ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(nodeDef, "data_format");
    std::vector<uint32_t> strides = ReadMandatoryNodeUint32ListAttribute(nodeDef, "strides");
    std::vector<uint32_t> ksize = ReadMandatoryNodeUint32ListAttribute(nodeDef, "ksize"); // size of pool windows

    Pooling2dDescriptor pooling2dDescriptor;
    pooling2dDescriptor.m_PoolType            = pooltype;
    pooling2dDescriptor.m_PaddingMethod       = PaddingMethod::Exclude;
    pooling2dDescriptor.m_OutputShapeRounding = OutputShapeRounding::Floor;

    CHECK_DATA_FORMAT(nodeDef, dataFormat, "Pooling2D");
    DataLayout dataLayout = dataFormat == "NHWC" ? DataLayout::NHWC : DataLayout::NCHW;
    pooling2dDescriptor.m_DataLayout = dataLayout;
    DataLayoutIndexed dataLayoutIndexed(dataLayout);

    pooling2dDescriptor.m_StrideX    = strides[dataLayoutIndexed.GetWidthIndex()];
    pooling2dDescriptor.m_StrideY    = strides[dataLayoutIndexed.GetHeightIndex()];
    pooling2dDescriptor.m_PoolWidth  = ksize[dataLayoutIndexed.GetWidthIndex()];
    pooling2dDescriptor.m_PoolHeight = ksize[dataLayoutIndexed.GetHeightIndex()];

    uint32_t inputHeight = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[dataLayoutIndexed.GetHeightIndex()];
    uint32_t inputWidth  = inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[dataLayoutIndexed.GetWidthIndex()];

    bool padding = false;
    TensorInfo outputInfo;
    unsigned int outputHeight = 0;
    unsigned int outputWidth  = 0;

    CHECK_PADDING_TYPE(nodeDef, paddingString);

    if (paddingString == "SAME")
    {
        padding = true;

        outputHeight = static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(static_cast<float>(inputHeight) /
                                                  static_cast<float>(pooling2dDescriptor.m_StrideY)));
        outputWidth  = static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(static_cast<float>(inputWidth) /
                                                  static_cast<float>(pooling2dDescriptor.m_StrideX)));
    }
    else if (paddingString == "VALID")
    {
        padding = false;

        outputHeight = static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(
                                              static_cast<float>(inputHeight - pooling2dDescriptor.m_PoolHeight + 1) /
                                              static_cast<float>(pooling2dDescriptor.m_StrideY)));
        outputWidth  = static_cast<uint32_t>(ceil(
                                              static_cast<float>(inputWidth - pooling2dDescriptor.m_PoolWidth + 1) /
                                              static_cast<float>(pooling2dDescriptor.m_StrideX)));
    }

    switch (dataLayout)
    {
        case DataLayout::NHWC:
            outputInfo = TensorInfo({ inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[0],
                                      outputHeight,
                                      outputWidth,
                                      inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[3] },
                                    DataType::Float32);
            break;
        case DataLayout::NCHW:
            outputInfo = TensorInfo({ inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[0],
                                      inputTensorInfo.GetShape()[1],
                                      outputHeight,
                                      outputWidth },
                                    DataType::Float32);
            break;
    }

    CalcPadding(inputWidth, pooling2dDescriptor.m_PoolWidth, pooling2dDescriptor.m_StrideX,
                pooling2dDescriptor.m_PadLeft, pooling2dDescriptor.m_PadRight, padding);
    CalcPadding(inputHeight, pooling2dDescriptor.m_PoolHeight, pooling2dDescriptor.m_StrideY,
                pooling2dDescriptor.m_PadTop, pooling2dDescriptor.m_PadBottom, padding);


    IConnectableLayer* layer = m_Network->AddPooling2dLayer(pooling2dDescriptor, nodeDef.name().c_str());
    if (layer == nullptr)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Failed to add pooling2d layer for %1% %2%")
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputInfo);

    inputSlot.Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::AddAdditionLayer(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, bool isBiasAdd)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);

    IOutputSlot* input0Slot = &inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    IOutputSlot* input1Slot = &inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[1].m_Index);

    const TensorInfo& input0Info = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo();
    const TensorInfo& input1Info = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo();

    if (isBiasAdd)
    {
        // BiasAdd takes bias as a 1D tensor. We need to add a reshape layer to create a 4D tensor
        // with the same data in the correct dimension for broadcast in addition.
        if(input1Info.GetNumDimensions() != 1)
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Unsupported bias for BiasAdd. It should be a 1D vector. "
                        "Got %1% dimensions for input %2%. Node %3% %4%")
                        % input1Info.GetNumDimensions()
                        % inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                        % nodeDef.name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }

        const std::string dataFormat = ReadMandatoryNodeStringAttribute(nodeDef, "data_format");

        CHECK_DATA_FORMAT(nodeDef, dataFormat, "BiasAdd");
        input1Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input0Slot, input1Slot, dataFormat == "NHWC", *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }
    else
    {
        if (input0Info.GetNumDimensions() == 1)
        {
            const bool isNHWC = true;
            input0Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input1Slot, input0Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
        }

        if (input1Info.GetNumDimensions() == 1)
        {
            const bool isNHWC = true;
            input1Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input0Slot, input1Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
        }
    }

    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddAdditionLayer(nodeDef.name().c_str());

    input0Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    input1Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(1));

    if (input0Info.GetNumDimensions() == 1 && isBiasAdd == false)
    {
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(input1Slot->GetTensorInfo());
    }
    else
    {
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(input0Slot->GetTensorInfo());
    }

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::AddRealDivLayer(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);

    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddDivisionLayer(nodeDef.name().c_str());
    IOutputSlot* input0Slot = &inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    IOutputSlot* input1Slot = &inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[1].m_Index);

    auto const input0NumDims = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetNumDimensions();
    auto const input1NumDims = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetNumDimensions();


    if (input0NumDims < input1NumDims)
    {
        const bool isNHWC = true;
        input0Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input1Slot, input0Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }
    if (input1NumDims < input0NumDims)
    {
        const bool isNHWC = true;
        input1Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input0Slot, input1Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }

    input0Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    input1Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(1));

    if (input0NumDims < input1NumDims)
    {
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(input1Slot->GetTensorInfo());
    }
    else
    {
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(input0Slot->GetTensorInfo());

    }
    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

ParsedTfOperationPtr TfParser::AddMaximumLayer(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);

    IOutputSlot* input0Slot = &inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    IOutputSlot* input1Slot = &inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[1].m_Index);

    auto const input0NumDims = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetNumDimensions();
    auto const input1NumDims = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetNumDimensions();

    if (input0NumDims < input1NumDims)
    {
        const bool isNHWC = true;
        input0Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input1Slot, input0Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }
    if (input1NumDims < input0NumDims)
    {
        const bool isNHWC = true;
        input1Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input0Slot, input1Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }

    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddMaximumLayer(nodeDef.name().c_str());

    input0Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    input1Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(1));

    TensorInfo outputInfo = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo();
    std::vector<unsigned int> outputShape;

    const TensorShape& input0Shape = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetShape();
    const TensorShape& input1Shape = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetShape();

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < input0Shape.GetNumDimensions(); i++)
    {
        outputShape.push_back(std::max(input0Shape[i], input1Shape[i]));
    }

    outputInfo.SetShape(TensorShape(input0Shape.GetNumDimensions(), outputShape.data()));
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputInfo);

    return std::make_unique<SingleLayerParsedTfOperation>(this, nodeDef, layer);
}

IConnectableLayer* TfParser::AddMultiplicationLayer(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef)
{
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> inputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(nodeDef, 2);

    IConnectableLayer* const layer = m_Network->AddMultiplicationLayer(nodeDef.name().c_str());
    IOutputSlot* input0Slot = &inputs[0].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[0].m_Index);
    IOutputSlot* input1Slot = &inputs[1].m_IndexedValue->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputs[1].m_Index);

    auto const input0NumDims = input0Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetNumDimensions();
    auto const input1NumDims = input1Slot->GetTensorInfo().GetNumDimensions();

    if (input0NumDims < input1NumDims)
    {
        const bool isNHWC = true;
        input0Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input1Slot, input0Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }
    if (input1NumDims < input0NumDims)
    {
        const bool isNHWC = true;
        input1Slot = AddBroadcastReshapeLayer(input0Slot, input1Slot, isNHWC, *m_Network, nodeDef);
    }

    input0Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    input1Slot->Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(1));

    if (input0NumDims < input1NumDims)
    {
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(input1Slot->GetTensorInfo());
    }
    else
    {
        layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(input0Slot->GetTensorInfo());
    }
    return layer;
}

IConnectableLayer* TfParser::AddFullyConnectedLayer(const tensorflow::NodeDef& matMulNodeDef,
    const tensorflow::NodeDef* addNodeDef, const char* armnnLayerName)
{
    // Finds bias const (if applicable).
    ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* biasNode = nullptr;
    if (addNodeDef != nullptr)
    {
        std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> addInputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(*addNodeDef, 2);
        // Finds our inputs.
        if (HasParsedConstTensor<float>(addInputs[0].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
        {
            biasNode = boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float>*>(addInputs[0].m_IndexedValue);
        }
        else if (HasParsedConstTensor<float>(addInputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
        {
            biasNode = boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float>*>(addInputs[1].m_IndexedValue);
        }
        else
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "ArmNN only supports fully connected layers with constant bias. "
                        "Inputs %1% and %2%. AddNode %3%. MatMulNode %4% %5%")
                        % addInputs[0].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                        % addInputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                        % addNodeDef->name()
                        % matMulNodeDef.name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
    }

    // Finds matmul inputs.
    ParsedConstTfOperation<float>* weightNode = nullptr;
    ParsedTfOperation* inputNode  = nullptr;
    unsigned int inputIdx = 0;
    std::vector<OutputOfParsedTfOperation> mulInputs = GetInputParsedTfOperationsChecked(matMulNodeDef, 2);
    if (HasParsedConstTensor<float>(mulInputs[0].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        weightNode = boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float>*>(mulInputs[0].m_IndexedValue);
        inputNode = mulInputs[1].m_IndexedValue;
        inputIdx = mulInputs[1].m_Index;
    }
    else if (HasParsedConstTensor<float>(mulInputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()))
    {
        weightNode = boost::polymorphic_downcast<ParsedConstTfOperation<float>*>(mulInputs[1].m_IndexedValue);
        inputNode = mulInputs[0].m_IndexedValue;
        inputIdx = mulInputs[0].m_Index;
    }
    else
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "ArmNN only supports fully connected layers with constant weights. "
                    "Inputs %1% and %2%. MatMulNode %3% %4%")
                    % mulInputs[0].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % mulInputs[1].m_IndexedValue->GetNode().name()
                    % matMulNodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    std::vector<float> weightTensorData;
    // Handles weight.
    ConstTensor weights = weightNode->GetConstTensor(false, weightTensorData);

    FullyConnectedDescriptor desc;
    desc.m_BiasEnabled = addNodeDef != nullptr;

    IConnectableLayer* layer = nullptr;
    // Makes the layer.
    if (addNodeDef != nullptr)
    {
        std::vector<float> biasTensorData;
        ConstTensor biases = biasNode->GetConstTensor(false, biasTensorData);

        if (weights.GetShape()[1] != biases.GetShape()[0])
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Shape of matmul weights and bias do not match. "
                        "AddNode %1%. MatMulNode %2% %3%")
                        % addNodeDef->name()
                        % matMulNodeDef.name()
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }

        layer = m_Network->AddFullyConnectedLayer(desc, weights, biases, armnnLayerName);
    }
    else
    {
        layer = m_Network->AddFullyConnectedLayer(desc, weights, armnnLayerName);
    }

    BOOST_ASSERT(layer != nullptr);

    inputNode->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputIdx).Connect(layer->GetInputSlot(0));
    unsigned int batches = inputNode->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(inputIdx).GetTensorInfo().GetShape()[0];

    // Handles output.
    TensorInfo outputInfo({ batches, weights.GetShape()[1] }, DataType::Float32);
    layer->GetOutputSlot(0).SetTensorInfo(outputInfo);
    return layer;
}

void TfParser::LoadNodeDef(const tensorflow::NodeDef& nodeDef, const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    // Gets the type of the node (assume float).
    tensorflow::DataType type = tensorflow::DT_FLOAT;
    if (nodeDef.attr().count("T") != 0)
    {
        auto attr = nodeDef.attr().at("T");
        type      = attr.type();
    }
    else if (nodeDef.attr().count("dtype") != 0)
    {
        auto attr = nodeDef.attr().at("dtype");
        type      = attr.type();
    }

    if (type != tensorflow::DT_FLOAT && nodeDef.op() != "Const")
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Currently only FLOAT is supported for tensorflow nodes (apart from Const). "
                    "Got %1% for Node %2% %3%")
                    % tensorflow::DataType_Name(type)
                    % nodeDef.name()
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    const std::string& operation = nodeDef.op();
    auto it = ms_OperationNameToParsingFunctions.find(operation);
    if (it != ms_OperationNameToParsingFunctions.end())
    {
        auto func = it->second;
        ParsedTfOperationPtr parsedTfOperation = (this->*func)(nodeDef, graphDef);
        ParsedTfOperation* parsedTfOperationRaw = parsedTfOperation.get();

        // Stores the parsed operation so that dependent layers can connect to it.
        auto it = m_ParsedTfOperations.find(nodeDef.name());
        if (it != m_ParsedTfOperations.end())
        {
            throw ParseException(boost::str(boost::format("Name %1% used by more than one node") % nodeDef.name()));
        }
        m_ParsedTfOperations[nodeDef.name()] = std::move(parsedTfOperation);

        // If this node was requested as an output from the network, then adds an ArmNN output layer.
        if (std::find(m_RequestedOutputs.begin(), m_RequestedOutputs.end(), nodeDef.name()) !=
            m_RequestedOutputs.end())
        {
            auto outId = ParseOutputId(nodeDef.name());
            const LayerBindingId layerId = boost::numeric_cast<LayerBindingId>(m_NetworkOutputsBindingInfo.size());
            IOutputSlot& prevSlot = parsedTfOperationRaw->ResolveArmnnOutputSlot(outId.m_Index);

            TensorInfo tensorInfo = prevSlot.GetTensorInfo();

            IConnectableLayer* outputLayer = m_Network->AddOutputLayer(layerId, nodeDef.name().c_str());

            prevSlot.Connect(outputLayer->GetInputSlot(0));

            TrackOutputBinding(outputLayer, layerId, tensorInfo);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Unsupported operation %1% in tensorflow::GraphDef %2%")
                    % operation
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
}

void TfParser::LoadGraphDef(const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef)
{
    // Adds all nodes to our map.
    m_NodesByName.clear();
    m_NetworkInputsBindingInfo.clear();
    m_NetworkOutputsBindingInfo.clear();

    for (int i = 0; i < graphDef.node_size(); ++i)
    {
        const tensorflow::NodeDef& node = graphDef.node(i);
        m_NodesByName[node.name()]      = &node;
    }

    // Finds the output nodes the user requested.
    std::vector<const tensorflow::NodeDef*> targetNodes;
    for (const std::string& requestedOutputName : m_RequestedOutputs)
    {
        auto nodeIt = m_NodesByName.find(requestedOutputName);
        if (nodeIt == m_NodesByName.end())
        {
            throw ParseException(
                boost::str(
                    boost::format(
                        "Couldn't find requested output node '%1%' in graph %2%")
                        % requestedOutputName
                        % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
        }
        targetNodes.push_back(nodeIt->second);
    }

    // Sorts them into a linear ordering such that all inputs of a node are before the node itself.
    std::vector<const tensorflow::NodeDef*> sortedNodes;
    if (!armnnUtils::GraphTopologicalSort<const tensorflow::NodeDef*>(
        targetNodes,
        [this](const tensorflow::NodeDef* node)
        {
            auto outputs = GetTfInputNodes(*node);
            std::vector<const tensorflow::NodeDef*> nodesOnly;
            for (const auto & o : outputs) {
                nodesOnly.push_back(o.m_IndexedValue);
            }
            return nodesOnly;
        },
        sortedNodes))
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Cycle detected in graph %1%")
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    // Parses each node in order, knowing that all inputs of a node will be processed before the node itself.
    for (const auto& it : sortedNodes)
    {
        const tensorflow::NodeDef& currentNode = *it;
        LoadNodeDef(currentNode, graphDef);
    }
}

INetworkPtr TfParser::CreateNetworkFromTextFile(const char* graphFile,
    const std::map<std::string, TensorShape>& inputShapes,
    const std::vector<std::string>& requestedOutputs)
{
    FILE* fd = fopen(graphFile, "r");

    if (fd == nullptr)
    {
        throw FileNotFoundException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Graph file %1% failed to open %2%")
                    % graphFile
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    // Parses the file into a message.
    tensorflow::GraphDef graphDef;
    auto                 input   = new google::protobuf::io::FileInputStream(fileno(fd));
    bool                 success = google::protobuf::TextFormat::Parse(input, &graphDef);
    delete input;
    fclose(fd);

    if (!success)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Failed to parse graph file %1%")
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    return CreateNetworkFromGraphDef(graphDef, inputShapes, requestedOutputs);
}

INetworkPtr TfParser::CreateNetworkFromString(const char* protoText,
    const std::map<std::string, TensorShape>& inputShapes,
    const std::vector<std::string>& requestedOutputs)
{
    // Parses the string into a message.
    tensorflow::GraphDef graphDef;
    bool success = google::protobuf::TextFormat::ParseFromString(protoText, &graphDef);

    if (!success)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Failed to parse graph file %1%")
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    return CreateNetworkFromGraphDef(graphDef, inputShapes, requestedOutputs);
}

INetworkPtr TfParser::CreateNetworkFromBinaryFile(const char* graphFile,
    const std::map<std::string, TensorShape>& inputShapes,
    const std::vector<std::string>& requestedOutputs)
{
    FILE* fd = fopen(graphFile, "rb");

    if (fd == nullptr)
    {
        throw FileNotFoundException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Graph file %1% failed to open %2%")
                    % graphFile
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    // Parses the file into a message.
    tensorflow::GraphDef graphDef;

    google::protobuf::io::FileInputStream  inStream(fileno(fd));
    google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream codedStream(&inStream);
    codedStream.SetTotalBytesLimit(INT_MAX, INT_MAX);
    bool success = graphDef.ParseFromCodedStream(&codedStream);
    fclose(fd);

    if (!success)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Failed to parse protobuf file %1% %2%")
                    % graphFile
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }

    return CreateNetworkFromGraphDef(graphDef, inputShapes, requestedOutputs);
}

INetworkPtr TfParser::CreateNetworkFromGraphDef(const tensorflow::GraphDef& graphDef,
    const std::map<std::string, TensorShape>& inputShapes,
    const std::vector<std::string>& requestedOutputs)
{
    m_Network = INetwork::Create();

    m_InputShapes = inputShapes;
    if (requestedOutputs.size() == 0)
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "requestedOutputs must have at least one entry %1%")
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    m_RequestedOutputs = requestedOutputs;

    try
    {
        LoadGraphDef(graphDef);
    }
    catch (const ParseException& e)
    {
        Cleanup();
        throw e;
    }

    Cleanup();

    return std::move(m_Network);
}

void TfParser::Cleanup()
{
    // Cleanup, in case we reuse this parser.
    m_InputShapes.clear();
    m_RequestedOutputs.clear();
    m_NodesByName.clear();
    m_ParsedTfOperations.clear();
}

BindingPointInfo TfParser::GetNetworkInputBindingInfo(const std::string& name) const
{
    return GetBindingInfo(name, "input", m_NetworkInputsBindingInfo);
}

BindingPointInfo TfParser::GetNetworkOutputBindingInfo(const std::string& name) const
{
    return GetBindingInfo(name, "output", m_NetworkOutputsBindingInfo);
}

std::pair<LayerBindingId, TensorInfo> TfParser::GetBindingInfo(const std::string& layerName,
    const char* bindingPointDesc,
    const std::unordered_map<std::string, BindingPointInfo>& nameToBindingInfo)
{
    auto it = nameToBindingInfo.find(layerName);
    if (it == nameToBindingInfo.end())
    {
        throw InvalidArgumentException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Unknown %1% '%2%' %3%")
                    % bindingPointDesc
                    % layerName
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
    return it->second;
}

void TfParser::TrackInputBinding(IConnectableLayer* layer, LayerBindingId id, const TensorInfo& tensorInfo)
{
    return TrackBindingPoint(layer, id, tensorInfo, "input", m_NetworkInputsBindingInfo);
}

void TfParser::TrackOutputBinding(IConnectableLayer* layer, LayerBindingId id, const TensorInfo& tensorInfo)
{
    return TrackBindingPoint(layer, id, tensorInfo, "output", m_NetworkOutputsBindingInfo);
}

void TfParser::TrackBindingPoint(IConnectableLayer* layer,
    LayerBindingId id,
    const TensorInfo& tensorInfo,
    const char* bindingPointDesc,
    std::unordered_map<std::string, BindingPointInfo>& nameToBindingInfo)
{
    const std::string layerName = layer->GetName();
    auto it = nameToBindingInfo.find(layerName);
    if (it == nameToBindingInfo.end())
    {
        nameToBindingInfo[layerName] = std::make_pair(id, tensorInfo);
    }
    else
    {
        throw ParseException(
            boost::str(
                boost::format(
                    "Id %1% used by more than one %2% layer %3%")
                    % id
                    % bindingPointDesc
                    % CHECK_LOCATION().AsString()));
    }
}

} // namespace armnnTfParser