src/runtime/CL/functions/CLQLSTMLayer.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2020-2022 Arm Limited.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
 * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
 * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
 * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
#include "arm_compute/runtime/CL/functions/CLQLSTMLayer.h"

#include "arm_compute/core/KernelDescriptors.h"
#include "arm_compute/core/QuantizationInfo.h"
#include "arm_compute/core/Utils.h"
#include "arm_compute/core/utils/misc/InfoHelpers.h"
#include "arm_compute/core/utils/quantization/AsymmHelpers.h"
#include "arm_compute/core/Validate.h"
#include "arm_compute/runtime/CL/CLScheduler.h"

#include "src/common/utils/Log.h"
#include "src/core/CL/kernels/CLFillBorderKernel.h"
#include "src/core/CL/kernels/CLQLSTMLayerNormalizationKernel.h"
#include "src/core/helpers/WindowHelpers.h"
#include "src/gpu/cl/kernels/ClGemmLowpReductionKernel.h"

namespace arm_compute
{
using namespace arm_compute::utils::info_helpers;
using namespace arm_compute::opencl::kernels;
namespace
{
Status validate_mm(GEMMLowpOutputStageInfo &gemmlowp_info,
                   const ITensorInfo       *mm_input,
                   const ITensorInfo       *mm_weights,
                   const ITensorInfo       *bias,
                   float                    gemmlowp_scale,
                   const TensorInfo        *mm_res_info,
                   const TensorInfo        *outstage_tensor_info)
{
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLGEMMLowpMatrixMultiplyCore::validate(mm_input, mm_weights, nullptr, mm_res_info));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(
        gemmlowp_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
        CLGEMMLowpOutputStage::validate(mm_res_info, bias, outstage_tensor_info, gemmlowp_info));
    return Status{};
}
} // namespace

Status CLQLSTMLayer::TensorCopyKernel::validate(const ITensorInfo &src, const ITensorInfo &dst)
{
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(src.tensor_shape().num_dimensions() > max_dimension_supported);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(dst.tensor_shape().num_dimensions() > max_dimension_supported);
    ARM_COMPUTE_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(&src, &dst);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(dst.tensor_shape().y() != src.tensor_shape().y());
    return Status{};
}

void CLQLSTMLayer::TensorCopyKernel::configure(ICLTensor &src, ICLTensor &dst)
{
    ARM_COMPUTE_ERROR_THROW_ON(CLQLSTMLayer::TensorCopyKernel::validate(*src.info(), *dst.info()));
    _src      = &src;
    _dst      = &dst;
    _row_size = std::min(_src->info()->tensor_shape().x(), _dst->info()->tensor_shape().x());
    _window   = calculate_max_window(*_src->info(), Steps());
}

void CLQLSTMLayer::TensorCopyKernel::run()
{
    auto &q = CLScheduler::get().queue();

    _src->map(q, true);
    _dst->map(q, true);

    Iterator input_iter{_src, _window};
    Iterator output_iter{_dst, _window};

    execute_window_loop(
        _window, [&](const Coordinates &) { memcpy(output_iter.ptr(), input_iter.ptr(), _row_size); }, input_iter,
        output_iter);

    _src->unmap(q);
    _dst->unmap(q);
}

CLQLSTMLayer::CLQLSTMLayer(std::shared_ptr<IMemoryManager> memory_manager)
    : _input_to_input_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _recurrent_to_input_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _input_to_forget_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _recurrent_to_forget_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _input_to_cell_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _recurrent_to_cell_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _input_to_output_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _recurrent_to_output_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _projection_reduction(std::make_unique<ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel>()),
      _layer_norms(),
      _copy_output()
{
    for (auto &norm : _layer_norms)
    {
        norm = std::make_unique<CLQLSTMLayerNormalizationKernel>();
    }

    _memory_group = MemoryGroup(std::move(memory_manager));
}

CLQLSTMLayer::~CLQLSTMLayer() = default;

void CLQLSTMLayer::configure_layer_norm(LayerNormGate g, const ICLTensor *in)
{
    ARM_COMPUTE_ERROR_ON(!_has_layer_norm);

    CLTensor *out = &get_layer_norm_output(g);
    _memory_group.manage(out);
    out->allocator()->init(*(in->info()));

    get_layer_norm(g).configure(in, out, get_layer_norm_weight(g), get_layer_norm_bias(g));
}

Status CLQLSTMLayer::validate_layer_norm(const ITensorInfo &in, const ITensorInfo &weight, const ITensorInfo &bias)
{
    // Output quantization scale will be different, but ignored here
    // since it will be configured at configure() stage.
    const TensorInfo out{in};
    return CLQLSTMLayerNormalizationKernel::validate(&in, &out, &weight, &bias);
}

void CLQLSTMLayer::configure_mm(const CLCompileContext       &compile_context,
                                CLGEMMLowpMatrixMultiplyCore &mm,
                                CLGEMMLowpOutputStage        &outstage,
                                GEMMLowpOutputStageInfo      &gemmlowp_info,
                                const ICLTensor              *mm_input,
                                const ICLTensor              *mm_weights,
                                const ICLTensor              *bias,
                                CLTensor                     *mm_res,
                                CLTensor                     *outstage_res,
                                float                         gemmlowp_scale,
                                const TensorInfo             &mm_res_info,
                                const TensorInfo             &outstage_tensor_info)
{
    _memory_group.manage(mm_res);
    _memory_group.manage(outstage_res);

    mm_res->allocator()->init(mm_res_info);
    outstage_res->allocator()->init(outstage_tensor_info);

    // Configure matrix-multiplication
    mm.configure(compile_context, mm_input, mm_weights, nullptr, mm_res);

    // Configure output stage
    quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(gemmlowp_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier,
                                                 &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift);
    outstage.configure(compile_context, mm_res, bias, outstage_res, gemmlowp_info);
    mm_res->allocator()->allocate();
}

void CLQLSTMLayer::configure(const ICLTensor             *input,
                             const ICLTensor             *input_to_forget_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *input_to_cell_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *input_to_output_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *recurrent_to_forget_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *recurrent_to_cell_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *recurrent_to_output_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *forget_gate_bias,
                             const ICLTensor             *cell_bias,
                             const ICLTensor             *output_gate_bias,
                             ICLTensor                   *cell_state_in,
                             ICLTensor                   *output_state_in,
                             ICLTensor                   *cell_state_out,
                             ICLTensor                   *output_state_out,
                             ICLTensor                   *output,
                             const LSTMParams<ICLTensor> &lstm_params)
{
    configure(CLKernelLibrary::get().get_compile_context(), input, input_to_forget_weights, input_to_cell_weights,
              input_to_output_weights, recurrent_to_forget_weights, recurrent_to_cell_weights,
              recurrent_to_output_weights, forget_gate_bias, cell_bias, output_gate_bias, cell_state_in,
              output_state_in, cell_state_out, output_state_out, output, lstm_params);
}

void CLQLSTMLayer::configure(const CLCompileContext      &compile_context,
                             const ICLTensor             *input,
                             const ICLTensor             *input_to_forget_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *input_to_cell_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *input_to_output_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *recurrent_to_forget_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *recurrent_to_cell_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *recurrent_to_output_weights,
                             const ICLTensor             *forget_gate_bias,
                             const ICLTensor             *cell_bias,
                             const ICLTensor             *output_gate_bias,
                             ICLTensor                   *cell_state_in,
                             ICLTensor                   *output_state_in,
                             ICLTensor                   *cell_state_out,
                             ICLTensor                   *output_state_out,
                             ICLTensor                   *output,
                             const LSTMParams<ICLTensor> &lstm_params)
{
    ARM_COMPUTE_ERROR_ON_NULLPTR(input, input_to_forget_weights, input_to_cell_weights, input_to_output_weights,
                                 recurrent_to_forget_weights, recurrent_to_cell_weights, recurrent_to_output_weights,
                                 forget_gate_bias, cell_bias, output_gate_bias, cell_state_in, output_state_in,
                                 cell_state_out, output_state_out, output);

    ARM_COMPUTE_LOG_PARAMS(input, input_to_forget_weights, input_to_cell_weights, input_to_output_weights,
                           recurrent_to_forget_weights, recurrent_to_cell_weights, recurrent_to_output_weights,
                           forget_gate_bias, cell_bias, output_gate_bias, cell_state_in, output_state_in,
                           cell_state_out, output_state_out, output, lstm_params);
    // Set lstm parameters
    LSTMParams<ITensorInfo> lstm_params_info{};
    build_lstm_params_tensor_info(lstm_params, &lstm_params_info);

    // Validate
    ARM_COMPUTE_ERROR_THROW_ON(CLQLSTMLayer::validate(
        input->info(), input_to_forget_weights->info(), input_to_cell_weights->info(), input_to_output_weights->info(),
        recurrent_to_forget_weights->info(), recurrent_to_cell_weights->info(), recurrent_to_output_weights->info(),
        forget_gate_bias->info(), cell_bias->info(), output_gate_bias->info(), cell_state_in->info(),
        output_state_in->info(), cell_state_out->info(), output_state_out->info(), output->info(), lstm_params_info));

    const int batch_size  = input->info()->dimension(1);
    const int num_units   = input_to_output_weights->info()->dimension(1);
    const int output_size = output_state_out->info()->dimension(_out_state_output_size_dimension_idx);

    const UniformQuantizationInfo qinput           = input->info()->quantization_info().uniform();
    const UniformQuantizationInfo qcell_state_in   = cell_state_in->info()->quantization_info().uniform();
    const UniformQuantizationInfo qoutput_state_in = output_state_in->info()->quantization_info().uniform();

    _projection_bias             = lstm_params.projection_bias();
    _input_to_forget_weights     = input_to_forget_weights;
    _input_to_cell_weights       = input_to_cell_weights;
    _input_to_output_weights     = input_to_output_weights;
    _recurrent_to_forget_weights = recurrent_to_forget_weights;
    _recurrent_to_cell_weights   = recurrent_to_cell_weights;
    _recurrent_to_output_weights = recurrent_to_output_weights;
    _projection_weights          = lstm_params.projection_weights();

    // Layer normalization
    _has_layer_norm = lstm_params.use_layer_norm();
    if (_has_layer_norm)
    {
        set_layer_norm_weight(lstm_params.forget_layer_norm_weights(), LayerNormGate::Forget);
        set_layer_norm_weight(lstm_params.cell_layer_norm_weights(), LayerNormGate::Cell);
        set_layer_norm_weight(lstm_params.input_layer_norm_weights(), LayerNormGate::Input);
        set_layer_norm_weight(lstm_params.output_layer_norm_weights(), LayerNormGate::Output);

        set_layer_norm_bias(forget_gate_bias, LayerNormGate::Forget);
        set_layer_norm_bias(cell_bias, LayerNormGate::Cell);
        set_layer_norm_bias(lstm_params.input_gate_bias(), LayerNormGate::Input);
        set_layer_norm_bias(output_gate_bias, LayerNormGate::Output);
    }

    _has_cifg       = lstm_params.has_cifg_opt();
    _has_projection = lstm_params.has_projection();
    _has_peephole   = lstm_params.has_peephole_opt();

    // Calculate and decompose effective scales for optimizing matmul calculation
    const int32_t cell_shift = log2(qcell_state_in.scale);

    // Calculate quantized parameters for clipping.
    int16_t quantized_cell_clip = 0;
    if (lstm_params.cell_clip() > 0.0f)
    {
        quantized_cell_clip = quantize_qsymm16(lstm_params.cell_clip(), qcell_state_in);
    }
    _has_cell_clipping = quantized_cell_clip > 0;

    // Precompute effective bias for optimizing the matmul computations.
    if (!_has_cifg)
    {
        _input_to_input_weights     = lstm_params.input_to_input_weights();
        _recurrent_to_input_weights = lstm_params.recurrent_to_input_weights();

        _input_to_input_reduction->configure(compile_context, _input_to_input_weights->info(),
                                             _input_to_input_eff_bias.info(),
                                             GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qinput.offset, true));
        _recurrent_to_input_reduction->configure(
            compile_context, _recurrent_to_input_weights->info(), _recurrent_to_input_eff_bias.info(),
            GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qoutput_state_in.offset, true));
    }
    _input_to_forget_reduction->configure(compile_context, input_to_forget_weights->info(),
                                          _input_to_forget_eff_bias.info(),
                                          GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qinput.offset, true));
    _recurrent_to_forget_reduction->configure(
        compile_context, recurrent_to_forget_weights->info(), _recurrent_to_forget_eff_bias.info(),
        GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qoutput_state_in.offset, true));
    _input_to_cell_reduction->configure(compile_context, input_to_cell_weights->info(), _input_to_cell_eff_bias.info(),
                                        GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qinput.offset, true));
    _recurrent_to_cell_reduction->configure(
        compile_context, recurrent_to_cell_weights->info(), _recurrent_to_cell_eff_bias.info(),
        GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qoutput_state_in.offset, true));
    _input_to_output_reduction->configure(compile_context, input_to_output_weights->info(),
                                          _input_to_output_eff_bias.info(),
                                          GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qinput.offset, true));
    _recurrent_to_output_reduction->configure(
        compile_context, recurrent_to_output_weights->info(), _recurrent_to_output_eff_bias.info(),
        GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qoutput_state_in.offset, true));
    if (_has_projection)
    {
        _projection_reduction->configure(
            compile_context, _projection_weights->info(), _projection_eff_bias.info(),
            GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(output_size, false, lstm_params.hidden_state_zero(), true));
        if (_projection_bias != nullptr)
        {
            _projection_bias_add.configure(compile_context, _projection_bias, &_projection_eff_bias,
                                           &_projection_eff_bias, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
        }
    }

    // Pre-transpose weights to be used in GEMM.
    _transpose_input_to_forget_weights.configure(compile_context, input_to_forget_weights,
                                                 &_input_to_forget_weights_transposed);
    _transpose_input_to_cell_weights.configure(compile_context, input_to_cell_weights,
                                               &_input_to_cell_weights_transposed);
    _transpose_input_to_output_weights.configure(compile_context, input_to_output_weights,
                                                 &_input_to_output_weights_transposed);
    _transpose_recurrent_to_forget_weights.configure(compile_context, recurrent_to_forget_weights,
                                                     &_recurrent_to_forget_weights_transposed);
    _transpose_recurrent_to_cell_weights.configure(compile_context, recurrent_to_cell_weights,
                                                   &_recurrent_to_cell_weights_transposed);
    _transpose_recurrent_to_output_weights.configure(compile_context, recurrent_to_output_weights,
                                                     &_recurrent_to_output_weights_transposed);
    if (!_has_cifg)
    {
        _transpose_input_to_input_weights.configure(compile_context, lstm_params.input_to_input_weights(),
                                                    &_input_to_input_weights_transposed);
        _transpose_recurrent_to_input_weights.configure(compile_context, lstm_params.recurrent_to_input_weights(),
                                                        &_recurrent_to_input_weights_transposed);
    }
    if (_has_projection)
    {
        _transpose_projection_weights.configure(compile_context, _projection_weights, &_projection_weights_transposed);
    }

    GEMMLowpOutputStageInfo gemmlowp_info;
    gemmlowp_info.type               = GEMMLowpOutputStageType::QUANTIZE_DOWN_FIXEDPOINT;
    gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_min_bound = std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::lowest();
    gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_max_bound = std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max();
    gemmlowp_info.output_data_type   = DataType::QSYMM16;

    const TensorInfo mm_out_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::S32);
    // Forget gate.
    const TensorInfo forget_gate_outstage_info(mm_out_info.tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                               QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale(), 0));
    const float      input_to_forget_scale = input_to_forget_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                        qinput.scale / lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale();
    configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_input_to_forget, _input_to_forget_outstage, gemmlowp_info, input,
                 &_input_to_forget_weights_transposed, &_input_to_forget_eff_bias, &_mm_input_to_forget_res,
                 &_input_to_forget_outstage_res, input_to_forget_scale, mm_out_info, forget_gate_outstage_info);

    const float recurrent_to_forget_scale = recurrent_to_forget_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                            qoutput_state_in.scale / lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale();
    configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_recurrent_to_forget, _recurrent_to_forget_outstage, gemmlowp_info,
                 output_state_in, &_recurrent_to_forget_weights_transposed, &_recurrent_to_forget_eff_bias,
                 &_mm_recurrent_to_forget_res, &_recurrent_to_forget_outstage_res, recurrent_to_forget_scale,
                 mm_out_info, forget_gate_outstage_info);

    _accumulate_input_recurrent_forget.configure(compile_context, &_input_to_forget_outstage_res,
                                                 &_recurrent_to_forget_outstage_res, &_recurrent_to_forget_outstage_res,
                                                 ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
    _input_to_forget_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();

    if (_has_peephole)
    {
        _mul_cell_to_forget_res.allocator()->init(TensorInfo(cell_state_in->info()->tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::S32));
        _memory_group.manage(&_mul_cell_to_forget_res);
        _pixelwise_mul_cell_to_forget.configure(compile_context, cell_state_in, lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(),
                                                &_mul_cell_to_forget_res, 1.f, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE,
                                                RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO);
        _cell_to_forget_outstage_res.allocator()->init(
            TensorInfo(_mul_cell_to_forget_res.info()->tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                       QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale(), 0)));
        _memory_group.manage(&_cell_to_forget_outstage_res);
        const float cell_to_forget_scale =
            std::pow(2, cell_shift) *
            lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights()->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale /
            lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale();
        quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(cell_to_forget_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier,
                                                     &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift);
        _cell_to_forget_outstage.configure(compile_context, &_mul_cell_to_forget_res, nullptr,
                                           &_cell_to_forget_outstage_res, gemmlowp_info);
        _mul_cell_to_forget_res.allocator()->allocate();
        _accumulate_cell_forget.configure(compile_context, &_recurrent_to_forget_outstage_res,
                                          &_cell_to_forget_outstage_res, &_recurrent_to_forget_outstage_res,
                                          ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
        _cell_to_forget_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();
    }

    CLTensor *forget_activation_input = &_recurrent_to_forget_outstage_res;

    if (_has_layer_norm)
    {
        configure_layer_norm(LayerNormGate::Forget, &_recurrent_to_forget_outstage_res);
        _recurrent_to_forget_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();
        forget_activation_input = &get_layer_norm_output(LayerNormGate::Forget);
    }

    // Output quantization info of Sigmoid and Tanh activations
    const QuantizationInfo sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo(1.f / 32768.f, 0);

    const TensorInfo forget_gate_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16, sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo);
    _memory_group.manage(&_forget_gate);
    _forget_gate.allocator()->init(forget_gate_info);
    _forget_gate_sigmoid.configure(compile_context, forget_activation_input, &_forget_gate,
                                   ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LOGISTIC));
    forget_activation_input->allocator()->allocate();

    // Modulation gate.
    const TensorInfo cell_outstage_info(mm_out_info.tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                        QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.cell_intermediate_scale(), 0));
    const float      input_to_cell_scale = input_to_cell_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                      qinput.scale / lstm_params.cell_intermediate_scale();
    configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_input_to_cell, _input_to_cell_outstage, gemmlowp_info, input,
                 &_input_to_cell_weights_transposed, &_input_to_cell_eff_bias, &_mm_input_to_cell_res,
                 &_input_to_cell_outstage_res, input_to_cell_scale, mm_out_info, cell_outstage_info);

    const float recurrent_to_cell_scale = recurrent_to_cell_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                          qoutput_state_in.scale / lstm_params.cell_intermediate_scale();
    configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_recurrent_to_cell, _recurrent_to_cell_outstage, gemmlowp_info, output_state_in,
                 &_recurrent_to_cell_weights_transposed, &_recurrent_to_cell_eff_bias, &_mm_recurrent_to_cell_res,
                 &_recurrent_to_cell_outstage_res, recurrent_to_cell_scale, mm_out_info, cell_outstage_info);

    _accumulate_input_recurrent_modulation.configure(compile_context, &_input_to_cell_outstage_res,
                                                     &_recurrent_to_cell_outstage_res, &_recurrent_to_cell_outstage_res,
                                                     ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
    _input_to_cell_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();

    CLTensor *cell_activation_input = &_recurrent_to_cell_outstage_res;

    if (_has_layer_norm)
    {
        configure_layer_norm(LayerNormGate::Cell, &_recurrent_to_cell_outstage_res);
        _recurrent_to_cell_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();
        cell_activation_input = &get_layer_norm_output(LayerNormGate::Cell);
    }

    const TensorInfo cell_gate_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16, sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo);
    _memory_group.manage(&_cell_gate);
    _cell_gate.allocator()->init(cell_gate_info);
    _cell_gate_tanh.configure(compile_context, cell_activation_input, &_cell_gate,
                              ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::TANH, 1.f, 1.f));
    cell_activation_input->allocator()->allocate();

    // Input gate.
    const TensorInfo input_gate_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16, sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo);
    _input_gate.allocator()->init(input_gate_info);
    _memory_group.manage(&_input_gate);
    if (_has_cifg)
    {
        _ones.allocator()->init(*_forget_gate.info());
        _input_gate_sub.configure(compile_context, &_ones, &_forget_gate, &_input_gate, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
        _ones.allocator()->allocate();
    }
    else
    {
        const TensorInfo input_outstage_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                             QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale(), 0));
        const float      input_to_input_scale = _input_to_input_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                           qinput.scale / lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale();
        configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_input_to_input, _input_to_input_outstage, gemmlowp_info, input,
                     &_input_to_input_weights_transposed, &_input_to_input_eff_bias, &_mm_input_to_input_res,
                     &_input_to_input_outstage_res, input_to_input_scale, mm_out_info, input_outstage_info);

        const float recurrent_to_input_scale =
            _recurrent_to_input_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale * qoutput_state_in.scale /
            lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale();
        configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_recurrent_to_input, _recurrent_to_input_outstage, gemmlowp_info,
                     output_state_in, &_recurrent_to_input_weights_transposed, &_recurrent_to_input_eff_bias,
                     &_mm_recurrent_to_input_res, &_recurrent_to_input_outstage_res, recurrent_to_input_scale,
                     mm_out_info, input_outstage_info);
        _accumulate_input_recurrent_input.configure(compile_context, &_input_to_input_outstage_res,
                                                    &_recurrent_to_input_outstage_res,
                                                    &_recurrent_to_input_outstage_res, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
        _input_to_input_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();

        if (_has_peephole)
        {
            _mul_cell_to_input_res.allocator()->init(
                TensorInfo(cell_state_in->info()->tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::S32));
            _memory_group.manage(&_mul_cell_to_input_res);
            _pixelwise_mul_cell_to_input.configure(compile_context, cell_state_in, lstm_params.cell_to_input_weights(),
                                                   &_mul_cell_to_input_res, 1.f, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE,
                                                   RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO);
            const float cell_to_input_scale =
                std::pow(2, cell_shift) *
                lstm_params.cell_to_input_weights()->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale /
                lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale();
            quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(cell_to_input_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier,
                                                         &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift);
            _cell_to_input_outstage_res.allocator()->init(
                TensorInfo(_mul_cell_to_input_res.info()->tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                           QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale(), 0)));
            _memory_group.manage(&_cell_to_input_outstage_res);
            _cell_to_input_outstage.configure(compile_context, &_mul_cell_to_input_res, nullptr,
                                              &_cell_to_input_outstage_res, gemmlowp_info);
            _mul_cell_to_input_res.allocator()->allocate();
            _accumulate_cell_input.configure(&_recurrent_to_input_outstage_res, &_cell_to_input_outstage_res,
                                             &_recurrent_to_input_outstage_res, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
            _cell_to_input_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();
        }

        CLTensor *input_activation_input = &_recurrent_to_input_outstage_res;

        if (_has_layer_norm)
        {
            configure_layer_norm(LayerNormGate::Input, &_recurrent_to_input_outstage_res);
            _recurrent_to_input_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();
            input_activation_input = &get_layer_norm_output(LayerNormGate::Input);
        }

        _input_gate_sigmoid.configure(compile_context, input_activation_input, &_input_gate,
                                      ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LOGISTIC));
        input_activation_input->allocator()->allocate();
    }
    // Cell.
    // TODO(COMPMID-3396): Perform multiplication in the quantized domain in CLPixelWiseMultiplication
    _pixelwise_mul_forget_cell.configure(compile_context, &_forget_gate, cell_state_in, &_forget_gate, 1.f,
                                         ConvertPolicy::SATURATE, RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO);
    const float      cell_gate_scale      = _cell_gate.info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale;
    const float      mul_input_cell_scale = cell_gate_scale * std::pow(2, 15 + cell_shift);
    const TensorInfo mul_input_cell_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                         QuantizationInfo(mul_input_cell_scale, 0));
    _memory_group.manage(&_mul_input_cell_res);
    _mul_input_cell_res.allocator()->init(mul_input_cell_info);
    _pixelwise_mul_input_cell.configure(compile_context, &_input_gate, &_cell_gate, &_mul_input_cell_res, 1.f,
                                        ConvertPolicy::SATURATE, RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO);
    _cell_gate.allocator()->allocate();
    _add_forget_cell.configure(compile_context, &_forget_gate, &_mul_input_cell_res, cell_state_out,
                               ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
    _mul_input_cell_res.allocator()->allocate();
    _forget_gate.allocator()->allocate();
    if (_has_cell_clipping)
    {
        _cell_clip.configure(compile_context, cell_state_out, nullptr,
                             ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LU_BOUNDED_RELU,
                                                 -quantized_cell_clip, quantized_cell_clip));
    }
    // Output gate.
    const TensorInfo output_outstage_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                          QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale(), 0));
    const float      input_to_output_scale = input_to_output_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                        qinput.scale / lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale();
    configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_input_to_output, _input_to_output_outstage, gemmlowp_info, input,
                 &_input_to_output_weights_transposed, &_input_to_output_eff_bias, &_mm_input_to_output_res,
                 &_input_to_output_outstage_res, input_to_output_scale, mm_out_info, output_outstage_info);

    const float recurrent_to_output_scale = recurrent_to_output_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                            qoutput_state_in.scale / lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale();
    configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_recurrent_to_output, _recurrent_to_output_outstage, gemmlowp_info,
                 output_state_in, &_recurrent_to_output_weights_transposed, &_recurrent_to_output_eff_bias,
                 &_mm_recurrent_to_output_res, &_recurrent_to_output_outstage_res, recurrent_to_output_scale,
                 mm_out_info, output_outstage_info);

    _accumulate_input_recurrent_output.configure(compile_context, &_recurrent_to_output_outstage_res,
                                                 &_input_to_output_outstage_res, &_recurrent_to_output_outstage_res,
                                                 ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
    _input_to_output_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();

    if (_has_peephole)
    {
        // TODO(COMPMID-3396): Perform multiplication in the quantized domain in CLPixelWiseMultiplication
        // Here we are not using the output stage because all operations are done in float
        _mul_cell_to_output_res.allocator()->init(TensorInfo(cell_state_out->info()->tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::S32));
        _memory_group.manage(&_mul_cell_to_output_res);
        _pixelwise_mul_cell_to_output.configure(compile_context, cell_state_out, lstm_params.cell_to_output_weights(),
                                                &_mul_cell_to_output_res, 1.f, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE,
                                                RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO);

        const float cell_to_output_scale =
            std::pow(2, cell_shift) *
            lstm_params.cell_to_output_weights()->info()->quantization_info().uniform().scale /
            lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale();
        quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(cell_to_output_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier,
                                                     &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift);
        _cell_to_output_outstage_res.allocator()->init(
            TensorInfo(_mul_cell_to_output_res.info()->tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                       QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale(), 0)));
        _memory_group.manage(&_cell_to_output_outstage_res);
        _cell_to_output_outstage.configure(compile_context, &_mul_cell_to_output_res, nullptr,
                                           &_cell_to_output_outstage_res, gemmlowp_info);
        _mul_cell_to_output_res.allocator()->allocate();

        _accumulate_cell_to_output.configure(compile_context, &_recurrent_to_output_outstage_res,
                                             &_cell_to_output_outstage_res, &_recurrent_to_output_outstage_res,
                                             ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
        _cell_to_output_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();
    }

    CLTensor *output_activation_input = &_recurrent_to_output_outstage_res;

    if (_has_layer_norm)
    {
        configure_layer_norm(LayerNormGate::Output, &_recurrent_to_output_outstage_res);
        _recurrent_to_output_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();
        output_activation_input = &get_layer_norm_output(LayerNormGate::Output);
    }

    const TensorInfo output_gate_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16, sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo);
    _memory_group.manage(&_output_gate);
    _output_gate.allocator()->init(output_gate_info);
    _output_gate_sigmoid.configure(compile_context, output_activation_input, &_output_gate,
                                   ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LOGISTIC));
    output_activation_input->allocator()->allocate();

    // Hidden.
    _hidden_tanh.configure(compile_context, cell_state_out, &_input_gate,
                           ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::TANH, 1.f, 1.f));
    // TODO(COMPMID-3396): Perform multiplication in the quantized domain in CLPixelWiseMultiplication
    _memory_group.manage(&_hidden_mul_res);
    const TensorInfo hidden_mul_res(_input_gate.info()->tensor_shape(), 1, DataType::S32);
    _hidden_mul_res.allocator()->init(hidden_mul_res);
    _pixelwise_mul_hidden.configure(compile_context, &_output_gate, &_input_gate, &_hidden_mul_res, 1.f,
                                    ConvertPolicy::SATURATE, RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO);
    _output_gate.allocator()->allocate();
    _input_gate.allocator()->allocate();
    const float hidden_state_scale = std::pow(2, -15) / lstm_params.hidden_state_scale() * std::pow(2, -15);
    quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(hidden_state_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier,
                                                 &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift, /* ignore_epsilon */ true);
    gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_offset  = lstm_params.hidden_state_zero();
    gemmlowp_info.output_data_type = output_state_in->info()->data_type();

    _projection_tensor_copy_required = (num_units != output_size);
    ICLTensor *hidden_gate_result    = output_state_out;

    _memory_group.manage(&_hidden_gate);

    if (_projection_tensor_copy_required)
    {
        _hidden_gate.allocator()->init(*output_state_out->info());
        _hidden_gate.info()->set_tensor_shape(_hidden_mul_res.info()->tensor_shape());
        hidden_gate_result = &_hidden_gate;
    }

    _hidden_outstage.configure(compile_context, &_hidden_mul_res, nullptr, hidden_gate_result, gemmlowp_info);
    _hidden_mul_res.allocator()->allocate();

    // Projection.
    if (_has_projection)
    {
        const TensorInfo              projection_outstage_info(*output_state_out->info());
        const UniformQuantizationInfo qprojection = _projection_weights->info()->quantization_info().uniform();
        const float projection_scale  = qprojection.scale * lstm_params.hidden_state_scale() / qoutput_state_in.scale;
        gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_offset = qoutput_state_in.offset;
        gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_min_bound = std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::lowest();
        gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_max_bound = std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max();
        gemmlowp_info.output_data_type   = DataType::QASYMM8_SIGNED;

        TensorInfo projection_mm_out_info{mm_out_info};
        projection_mm_out_info.set_tensor_shape(TensorShape(output_size, batch_size));

        configure_mm(compile_context, _mm_projection, _projection_outstage, gemmlowp_info, hidden_gate_result,
                     &_projection_weights_transposed, &_projection_eff_bias, &_mm_projection_res,
                     &_projection_outstage_res, projection_scale, projection_mm_out_info, projection_outstage_info);

        ICLTensor *accumulate_destination = output_state_out;

        if (_projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            _hidden_gate.allocator()->allocate();
            _projection_accumulate_res.allocator()->init(*output_state_in->info());
            _projection_accumulate_res.info()->set_tensor_shape(_projection_outstage_res.info()->tensor_shape());
            _projection_output_to_accumulate_copy.configure(*output_state_in, _projection_accumulate_res);
            accumulate_destination = &_projection_accumulate_res;
        }

        _accumulate_projection.configure(compile_context, &_projection_outstage_res, accumulate_destination,
                                         accumulate_destination, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE);
        _projection_outstage_res.allocator()->allocate();

        if (_projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            _projection_accumulate_to_output_copy.configure(_projection_accumulate_res, *output_state_out);
            _projection_accumulate_res.allocator()->allocate();
        }

        int8_t quantized_projection_clip{0};
        if (lstm_params.projection_clip() > 0.0f)
        {
            quantized_projection_clip =
                utility::clamp<int8_t>(lstm_params.projection_clip() / qprojection.scale, -128, 127);
        }

        if (quantized_projection_clip > 0)
        {
            _projection_clip.configure(compile_context, output_state_out, nullptr,
                                       ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LU_BOUNDED_RELU,
                                                           -quantized_projection_clip, quantized_projection_clip));
            _has_projection_clipping = true;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (_projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            _hidden_to_output_copy.configure(_hidden_gate, *output_state_out);
            _hidden_gate.allocator()->allocate();
        }
    }

    // Copy output_state_out to output
    _copy_output.configure(compile_context, output_state_out, output);
}

Status CLQLSTMLayer::validate(const ITensorInfo             *input,
                              const ITensorInfo             *input_to_forget_weights,
                              const ITensorInfo             *input_to_cell_weights,
                              const ITensorInfo             *input_to_output_weights,
                              const ITensorInfo             *recurrent_to_forget_weights,
                              const ITensorInfo             *recurrent_to_cell_weights,
                              const ITensorInfo             *recurrent_to_output_weights,
                              const ITensorInfo             *forget_gate_bias,
                              const ITensorInfo             *cell_bias,
                              const ITensorInfo             *output_gate_bias,
                              const ITensorInfo             *cell_state_in,
                              const ITensorInfo             *output_state_in,
                              const ITensorInfo             *cell_state_out,
                              const ITensorInfo             *output_state_out,
                              const ITensorInfo             *output,
                              const LSTMParams<ITensorInfo> &lstm_params)
{
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_NULLPTR(input, input_to_forget_weights, input_to_cell_weights, input_to_output_weights,
                                        recurrent_to_forget_weights, recurrent_to_cell_weights,
                                        recurrent_to_output_weights, forget_gate_bias, cell_bias, output_gate_bias,
                                        cell_state_in, output_state_in, cell_state_out, output_state_out, output);

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_DATA_TYPE_CHANNEL_NOT_IN(input, 1, DataType::QASYMM8_SIGNED);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MSG(input->num_dimensions() != 2, "Input must have exactly 2 dimensions");

    const unsigned int input_size  = input->dimension(0);
    const unsigned int batch_size  = input->dimension(1);
    const unsigned int num_units   = input_to_output_weights->dimension(1);
    const unsigned int output_size = output_state_out->dimension(_out_state_output_size_dimension_idx);

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(input_to_output_weights->num_dimensions() != 2);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(input_to_output_weights->dimension(0) != input_size);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(input_to_output_weights, input_to_forget_weights,
                                                   input_to_cell_weights);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(recurrent_to_output_weights->num_dimensions() != 2);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(recurrent_to_output_weights->dimension(1) != num_units);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(recurrent_to_output_weights, recurrent_to_forget_weights,
                                                   recurrent_to_cell_weights);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_DATA_TYPE_CHANNEL_NOT_IN(input_to_forget_weights, 1, DataType::QSYMM8);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(input_to_forget_weights, input_to_cell_weights,
                                                       input_to_output_weights, recurrent_to_forget_weights,
                                                       recurrent_to_cell_weights, recurrent_to_output_weights);

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(forget_gate_bias->num_dimensions() != 1);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(forget_gate_bias->dimension(0) != num_units);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(forget_gate_bias, cell_bias, output_gate_bias);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_DATA_TYPE_CHANNEL_NOT_IN(forget_gate_bias, 1, DataType::S32);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(forget_gate_bias, cell_bias, output_gate_bias);

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(cell_state_in->num_dimensions() != 2);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(cell_state_in->dimension(0) != num_units);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(cell_state_in->dimension(1) != batch_size);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_DATA_TYPE_CHANNEL_NOT_IN(cell_state_in, 1, DataType::QSYMM16);

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(output_state_in->num_dimensions() != 2);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(output_state_in->dimension(0) != output_size);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(output_state_in->dimension(1) != batch_size);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(input, output_state_in);

    // Check whether peephole weights are all there or none
    if (lstm_params.has_peephole_opt())
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_NULLPTR(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(), lstm_params.cell_to_output_weights());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_DATA_TYPE_CHANNEL_NOT_IN(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(), 1,
                                                             DataType::QSYMM16);
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights()->num_dimensions() != 1);
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights()->dimension(0) != num_units);
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(),
                                                           lstm_params.cell_to_output_weights());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(),
                                                       lstm_params.cell_to_output_weights());

        if (!lstm_params.has_cifg_opt())
        {
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_NULLPTR(lstm_params.cell_to_input_weights());
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(),
                                                               lstm_params.cell_to_input_weights());
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(),
                                                           lstm_params.cell_to_input_weights());
        }
    }

    const UniformQuantizationInfo qinput           = input->quantization_info().uniform();
    const UniformQuantizationInfo qcell_state_in   = cell_state_in->quantization_info().uniform();
    const UniformQuantizationInfo qoutput_state_in = output_state_in->quantization_info().uniform();

    // Calculate and decompose effective scales for optimizing matmul calculation
    const int32_t cell_shift = log2(qcell_state_in.scale);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(cell_shift > -9);

    // Calculate quantized parameters for clipping.
    int16_t quantized_cell_clip = 0;
    if (lstm_params.cell_clip() > 0.0f)
    {
        quantized_cell_clip = quantize_qsymm16(lstm_params.cell_clip(), qcell_state_in);
    }

    // Precompute effective bias for optimizing the matmul computations.
    const TensorInfo eff_bias_info(TensorShape(num_units), 1, DataType::S32);
    const TensorInfo projection_eff_bias_info(TensorShape(output_size), 1, DataType::S32);
    if (!lstm_params.has_cifg_opt())
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
            lstm_params.input_to_input_weights(), &eff_bias_info,
            GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qinput.offset, true)));
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
            lstm_params.recurrent_to_input_weights(), &eff_bias_info,
            GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qoutput_state_in.offset, true)));
    }
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
        input_to_forget_weights, &eff_bias_info, GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qinput.offset, true)));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
        recurrent_to_forget_weights, &eff_bias_info,
        GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qoutput_state_in.offset, true)));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
        input_to_cell_weights, &eff_bias_info, GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qinput.offset, true)));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
        recurrent_to_cell_weights, &eff_bias_info,
        GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qoutput_state_in.offset, true)));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
        input_to_output_weights, &eff_bias_info, GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qinput.offset, true)));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
        recurrent_to_output_weights, &eff_bias_info,
        GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(num_units, false, -qoutput_state_in.offset, true)));
    if (lstm_params.has_projection())
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(ClGemmLowpMatrixAReductionKernel::validate(
            lstm_params.projection_weights(), &projection_eff_bias_info,
            GEMMLowpReductionKernelInfo(output_size, false, lstm_params.hidden_state_zero(), true)));
        if (lstm_params.projection_bias() != nullptr)
        {
            ARM_COMPUTE_ERROR_ON_DATA_TYPE_CHANNEL_NOT_IN(lstm_params.projection_bias(), 1, DataType::S32);
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
                CLArithmeticAddition::validate(lstm_params.projection_bias(), &projection_eff_bias_info,
                                               &projection_eff_bias_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));
        }
    }

    const TensorInfo input_weights_transposed(TensorShape(num_units, input_size), 1,
                                              input_to_forget_weights->data_type(),
                                              input_to_forget_weights->quantization_info());
    const TensorInfo recurrent_weights_transposed(TensorShape(num_units, output_size), 1,
                                                  recurrent_to_forget_weights->data_type(),
                                                  recurrent_to_forget_weights->quantization_info());

    // Validate weights transpose
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLTranspose::validate(input_to_forget_weights, &input_weights_transposed));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLTranspose::validate(input_to_cell_weights, &input_weights_transposed));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLTranspose::validate(input_to_output_weights, &input_weights_transposed));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLTranspose::validate(recurrent_to_forget_weights, &recurrent_weights_transposed));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLTranspose::validate(recurrent_to_cell_weights, &recurrent_weights_transposed));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLTranspose::validate(recurrent_to_output_weights, &recurrent_weights_transposed));
    if (!lstm_params.has_cifg_opt())
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
            CLTranspose::validate(lstm_params.input_to_input_weights(), &input_weights_transposed));
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
            CLTranspose::validate(lstm_params.recurrent_to_input_weights(), &recurrent_weights_transposed));
    }
    if (lstm_params.has_projection())
    {
        const TensorInfo projection_weights_transposed(TensorShape(output_size, num_units), 1,
                                                       lstm_params.projection_weights()->data_type(),
                                                       lstm_params.projection_weights()->quantization_info());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
            CLTranspose::validate(lstm_params.projection_weights(), &projection_weights_transposed));
    }

    GEMMLowpOutputStageInfo gemmlowp_info;
    gemmlowp_info.type               = GEMMLowpOutputStageType::QUANTIZE_DOWN_FIXEDPOINT;
    gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_min_bound = std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::lowest();
    gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_max_bound = std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max();
    gemmlowp_info.output_data_type   = DataType::QSYMM16;

    const bool has_layer_norm = lstm_params.use_layer_norm();

    // Forget gate.
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale() == 0);
    const TensorInfo forget_outstage_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                          QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale(), 0));
    const TensorInfo mm_out_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::S32);
    const float input_to_forget_scale = input_to_forget_weights->quantization_info().uniform().scale * qinput.scale /
                                        lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale();
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, input, &input_weights_transposed, &eff_bias_info,
                                            input_to_forget_scale, &mm_out_info, &forget_outstage_info));

    const float recurrent_to_forget_scale = recurrent_to_forget_weights->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                            qoutput_state_in.scale / lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale();
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, output_state_in, &recurrent_weights_transposed,
                                            &eff_bias_info, recurrent_to_forget_scale, &mm_out_info,
                                            &forget_outstage_info));

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticAddition::validate(&forget_outstage_info, &forget_outstage_info,
                                                               &forget_outstage_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));

    if (lstm_params.has_peephole_opt())
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_DATA_TYPE_CHANNEL_NOT_IN(lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(), 1,
                                                             DataType::QSYMM16);
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
            CLPixelWiseMultiplication::validate(cell_state_in, lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights(), &mm_out_info, 1.f,
                                                ConvertPolicy::SATURATE, RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO));
        const float cell_to_forget_scale = std::pow(2, cell_shift) *
                                           lstm_params.cell_to_forget_weights()->quantization_info().uniform().scale /
                                           lstm_params.forget_intermediate_scale();
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(
            cell_to_forget_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift));
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
            CLGEMMLowpOutputStage::validate(&mm_out_info, nullptr, &forget_outstage_info, gemmlowp_info));
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticAddition::validate(&forget_outstage_info, &forget_outstage_info,
                                                                   &forget_outstage_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));
    }

    if (has_layer_norm)
    {
        const ITensorInfo *w_info = lstm_params.forget_layer_norm_weights();
        const ITensorInfo *b_info = forget_gate_bias;
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_layer_norm(forget_outstage_info, *w_info, *b_info));
    }

    // Output quantization info of Sigmoid and Tanh activations
    const QuantizationInfo sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo(1.f / 32768.f, 0);

    const TensorInfo forget_gate_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16, sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
        CLActivationLayer::validate(&forget_outstage_info, &forget_gate_info,
                                    ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LOGISTIC)));

    // Modulation gate.
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(lstm_params.cell_intermediate_scale() == 0);
    const TensorInfo cell_outstage_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                        QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.cell_intermediate_scale(), 0));
    const float      input_to_cell_scale = input_to_cell_weights->quantization_info().uniform().scale * qinput.scale /
                                      lstm_params.cell_intermediate_scale();
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, input, &input_weights_transposed, &eff_bias_info,
                                            input_to_cell_scale, &mm_out_info, &cell_outstage_info));

    const float recurrent_to_cell_scale = recurrent_to_cell_weights->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                          qoutput_state_in.scale / lstm_params.cell_intermediate_scale();
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, output_state_in, &recurrent_weights_transposed,
                                            &eff_bias_info, recurrent_to_cell_scale, &mm_out_info,
                                            &cell_outstage_info));

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticAddition::validate(&cell_outstage_info, &cell_outstage_info,
                                                               &cell_outstage_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));

    if (has_layer_norm)
    {
        const ITensorInfo *w_info = lstm_params.cell_layer_norm_weights();
        const ITensorInfo *b_info = cell_bias;
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_layer_norm(cell_outstage_info, *w_info, *b_info));
    }

    const TensorInfo cell_gate_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16, sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
        CLActivationLayer::validate(&cell_outstage_info, &cell_gate_info,
                                    ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::TANH, 1.f, 1.f)));

    // Input gate.
    const TensorInfo input_gate_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16, sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo);
    if (lstm_params.has_cifg_opt())
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MSG(lstm_params.input_gate_bias() != nullptr,
                                        "Input gate bias must not be present when CIFG is used");
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticSubtraction::validate(&input_gate_info, &forget_gate_info,
                                                                      &forget_gate_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));
    }
    else
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_NULLPTR(lstm_params.input_to_input_weights(),
                                            lstm_params.recurrent_to_input_weights(), lstm_params.input_gate_bias());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(
            input_to_forget_weights, lstm_params.input_to_input_weights(), lstm_params.recurrent_to_input_weights());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(input_to_forget_weights, lstm_params.input_to_input_weights());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(recurrent_to_forget_weights,
                                                       lstm_params.recurrent_to_input_weights());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(forget_gate_bias, lstm_params.input_gate_bias());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(forget_gate_bias, lstm_params.input_gate_bias());

        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale() == 0);
        const TensorInfo input_outstage_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                             QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale(), 0));
        const float input_to_input_scale = lstm_params.input_to_input_weights()->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                           qinput.scale / lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale();
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, input, &input_weights_transposed, &eff_bias_info,
                                                input_to_input_scale, &mm_out_info, &input_outstage_info));

        const float recurrent_to_input_scale =
            lstm_params.recurrent_to_input_weights()->quantization_info().uniform().scale * qoutput_state_in.scale /
            lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale();
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, output_state_in, &recurrent_weights_transposed,
                                                &eff_bias_info, recurrent_to_input_scale, &mm_out_info,
                                                &input_outstage_info));

        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticAddition::validate(&input_outstage_info, &input_outstage_info,
                                                                   &input_outstage_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));

        if (lstm_params.has_peephole_opt())
        {
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
                CLPixelWiseMultiplication::validate(cell_state_in, lstm_params.cell_to_input_weights(), &mm_out_info,
                                                    1.f, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE, RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO));
            const float cell_to_input_scale = std::pow(2, cell_shift) *
                                              lstm_params.cell_to_input_weights()->quantization_info().uniform().scale /
                                              lstm_params.input_intermediate_scale();
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(
                cell_to_input_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift));
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
                CLGEMMLowpOutputStage::validate(&mm_out_info, &eff_bias_info, &input_outstage_info, gemmlowp_info));
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticAddition::validate(&input_outstage_info, &input_outstage_info,
                                                                       &input_outstage_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));
        }

        if (has_layer_norm)
        {
            const ITensorInfo *w_info = lstm_params.input_layer_norm_weights();
            const ITensorInfo *b_info = lstm_params.input_gate_bias();
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_layer_norm(cell_outstage_info, *w_info, *b_info));
        }

        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLActivationLayer::validate(
            &input_outstage_info, &input_gate_info,
            ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LOGISTIC, 1.f, 1.f)));
    }
    // Cell.
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLPixelWiseMultiplication::validate(
        &forget_gate_info, cell_state_in, &forget_gate_info, 1.f, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE, RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLPixelWiseMultiplication::validate(
        &input_gate_info, cell_state_in, &cell_gate_info, 1.f, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE, RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO));
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
        CLArithmeticAddition::validate(&forget_gate_info, &cell_gate_info, cell_state_out, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));
    if (quantized_cell_clip > 0)
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
            CLActivationLayer::validate(cell_state_out, nullptr,
                                        ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LU_BOUNDED_RELU,
                                                            -quantized_cell_clip, quantized_cell_clip)));
    }
    // Output gate.
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale() == 0);
    const TensorInfo output_outstage_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16,
                                          QuantizationInfo(lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale(), 0));
    const float input_to_output_scale = input_to_output_weights->quantization_info().uniform().scale * qinput.scale /
                                        lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale();
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, input, &input_weights_transposed, &eff_bias_info,
                                            input_to_output_scale, &mm_out_info, &output_outstage_info));

    const float recurrent_to_output_scale = recurrent_to_output_weights->quantization_info().uniform().scale *
                                            qoutput_state_in.scale / lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale();
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, output_state_in, &recurrent_weights_transposed,
                                            &eff_bias_info, recurrent_to_output_scale, &mm_out_info,
                                            &output_outstage_info));

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticAddition::validate(&output_outstage_info, &output_outstage_info,
                                                               &output_outstage_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));
    if (lstm_params.has_peephole_opt())
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_DATA_TYPE_CHANNEL_NOT_IN(lstm_params.cell_to_output_weights(), 1,
                                                             DataType::QSYMM16);
        // TODO(COMPMID-3395): Perform multiplication in the quantized domain in NEPixelWiseMultiplicationKernel
        // Here we are not using the output stage because all operations are done in float
        // const float cell_to_output_scale = std::pow(2, cell_shift) * lstm_params.cell_to_output_weights()->quantization_info().uniform().scale / lstm_params.output_intermediate_scale();
        // ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(cell_to_output_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift));
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLPixelWiseMultiplication::validate(
            cell_state_out, lstm_params.cell_to_output_weights(), &output_outstage_info, 1.f, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE,
            RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO));
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticAddition::validate(&output_outstage_info, &output_outstage_info,
                                                                   &output_outstage_info, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));
    }

    if (has_layer_norm)
    {
        const ITensorInfo *w_info = lstm_params.output_layer_norm_weights();
        const ITensorInfo *b_info = output_gate_bias;
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_layer_norm(output_outstage_info, *w_info, *b_info));
    }

    const TensorInfo output_gate_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QSYMM16, sigmoid_tanh_outqinfo);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
        CLActivationLayer::validate(&output_outstage_info, &output_gate_info,
                                    ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LOGISTIC)));

    // Hidden.
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
        CLActivationLayer::validate(cell_state_out, &input_gate_info,
                                    ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::TANH, 1.f, 1.f)));
    const TensorInfo hidden_mul_res(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::S32);
    const TensorInfo hidden_out_info(TensorShape(num_units, batch_size), 1, DataType::QASYMM8_SIGNED);

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(lstm_params.hidden_state_scale() == 0);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLPixelWiseMultiplication::validate(
        &output_gate_info, &input_gate_info, &hidden_mul_res, 1.f, ConvertPolicy::SATURATE, RoundingPolicy::TO_ZERO));
    const float hidden_state_scale = std::pow(2, -15) / lstm_params.hidden_state_scale() * std::pow(2, -15);
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
        quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(hidden_state_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier,
                                                     &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift, /* ignore_epsilon */ true));
    gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_offset  = lstm_params.hidden_state_zero();
    gemmlowp_info.output_data_type = hidden_out_info.data_type();
    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
        CLGEMMLowpOutputStage::validate(&hidden_mul_res, nullptr, &hidden_out_info, gemmlowp_info));

    const bool projection_tensor_copy_required = num_units != output_size;

    // Projection.
    if (lstm_params.has_projection())
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(recurrent_to_forget_weights,
                                                           lstm_params.projection_weights());
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON(qoutput_state_in.scale == 0);

        const UniformQuantizationInfo qprojection = lstm_params.projection_weights()->quantization_info().uniform();
        const float projection_scale = qprojection.scale * lstm_params.hidden_state_scale() / qoutput_state_in.scale;
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(quantization::calculate_quantized_multiplier(
            projection_scale, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_multiplier, &gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_shift));
        gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_offset    = qoutput_state_in.offset;
        gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_min_bound = std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::lowest();
        gemmlowp_info.gemmlowp_max_bound = std::numeric_limits<int8_t>::max();
        gemmlowp_info.output_data_type   = DataType::QASYMM8_SIGNED;

        const TensorInfo projection_outstage_info(*output_state_out);
        const TensorInfo projection_weights_transposed(TensorShape(output_size, num_units), 1,
                                                       lstm_params.projection_weights()->data_type(),
                                                       lstm_params.projection_weights()->quantization_info());

        TensorInfo projection_mm_out_info{mm_out_info};
        projection_mm_out_info.set_tensor_shape(TensorShape(output_size, batch_size));

        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(validate_mm(gemmlowp_info, &hidden_out_info, &projection_weights_transposed,
                                                &projection_eff_bias_info, projection_scale, &projection_mm_out_info,
                                                &projection_outstage_info));

        if (projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
                CLQLSTMLayer::TensorCopyKernel::validate(*output_state_in, projection_outstage_info));
        }

        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLArithmeticAddition::validate(output_state_out, output_state_out, output_state_out,
                                                                   ConvertPolicy::SATURATE));

        if (projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(
                CLQLSTMLayer::TensorCopyKernel::validate(projection_outstage_info, *output_state_out));
        }

        int8_t quantized_projection_clip{0};
        if (lstm_params.projection_clip() > 0.0f)
        {
            quantized_projection_clip = quantize_qasymm8_signed(lstm_params.projection_clip(), qprojection);
        }

        if (quantized_projection_clip > 0)
        {
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLActivationLayer::validate(
                output_state_out, nullptr,
                ActivationLayerInfo(ActivationLayerInfo::ActivationFunction::LU_BOUNDED_RELU,
                                    -quantized_projection_clip, quantized_projection_clip)));
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLQLSTMLayer::TensorCopyKernel::validate(hidden_out_info, *output_state_out));
        }
    }

    if (cell_state_out->total_size() > 0)
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(cell_state_in, cell_state_out);
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(cell_state_in, cell_state_out);
    }

    if (output_state_out->total_size() > 0)
    {
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_DATA_TYPES(input, output_state_out);
        ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ERROR_ON_MISMATCHING_SHAPES(output_state_in, output_state_out);
    }

    ARM_COMPUTE_RETURN_ON_ERROR(CLCopy::validate(output_state_out, output));
    return Status{};
}

void CLQLSTMLayer::run()
{
    prepare();

    // Acquire all the temporaries
    MemoryGroupResourceScope scope_mg(_memory_group);

    // Forget gate.
    _mm_input_to_forget.run();
    _input_to_forget_outstage.run();

    _mm_recurrent_to_forget.run();
    _recurrent_to_forget_outstage.run();
    _accumulate_input_recurrent_forget.run();

    if (_has_peephole)
    {
        _pixelwise_mul_cell_to_forget.run();
        _cell_to_forget_outstage.run();
        _accumulate_cell_forget.run();
    }

    if (_has_layer_norm)
    {
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue(get_layer_norm(LayerNormGate::Forget));
    }

    _forget_gate_sigmoid.run();

    // Modulation gate.
    _mm_input_to_cell.run();
    _input_to_cell_outstage.run();

    _mm_recurrent_to_cell.run();
    _recurrent_to_cell_outstage.run();
    _accumulate_input_recurrent_modulation.run();

    if (_has_layer_norm)
    {
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue(get_layer_norm(LayerNormGate::Cell));
    }

    _cell_gate_tanh.run();

    // Input gate
    if (_has_cifg)
    {
        _input_gate_sub.run();
    }
    else
    {
        _mm_input_to_input.run();
        _input_to_input_outstage.run();
        _mm_recurrent_to_input.run();
        _recurrent_to_input_outstage.run();
        _accumulate_input_recurrent_input.run();

        if (_has_peephole)
        {
            _pixelwise_mul_cell_to_input.run();
            _cell_to_input_outstage.run();
            _accumulate_cell_input.run();
        }

        if (_has_layer_norm)
        {
            CLScheduler::get().enqueue(get_layer_norm(LayerNormGate::Input));
        }

        _input_gate_sigmoid.run();
    }

    // Cell.
    _pixelwise_mul_forget_cell.run();
    _pixelwise_mul_input_cell.run();
    _add_forget_cell.run();
    if (_has_cell_clipping)
    {
        _cell_clip.run();
    }

    // Output gate.
    _mm_input_to_output.run();
    _input_to_output_outstage.run();
    _mm_recurrent_to_output.run();
    _recurrent_to_output_outstage.run();
    _accumulate_input_recurrent_output.run();
    if (_has_peephole)
    {
        _pixelwise_mul_cell_to_output.run();
        _cell_to_output_outstage.run();
        _accumulate_cell_to_output.run();
    }

    if (_has_layer_norm)
    {
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue(get_layer_norm(LayerNormGate::Output));
    }

    _output_gate_sigmoid.run();

    // Hidden.
    _hidden_tanh.run();
    _pixelwise_mul_hidden.run();
    _hidden_outstage.run();

    // Projection.
    if (_has_projection)
    {
        _mm_projection.run();
        _projection_outstage.run();

        if (_projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            _projection_output_to_accumulate_copy.run();
        }

        _accumulate_projection.run();

        if (_projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            _projection_accumulate_to_output_copy.run();
        }

        if (_has_projection_clipping)
        {
            _projection_clip.run();
        }
    }
    else
    {
        if (_projection_tensor_copy_required)
        {
            _hidden_to_output_copy.run();
        }
    }

    // Copy output_state_out to output
    _copy_output.run();
}

void CLQLSTMLayer::prepare()
{
    if (!_is_prepared)
    {
        // Pre-transpose weights to be used in GEMM.
        _input_to_forget_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
        _input_to_cell_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
        _input_to_output_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
        _recurrent_to_forget_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
        _recurrent_to_cell_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
        _recurrent_to_output_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
        _transpose_input_to_forget_weights.run();
        _transpose_input_to_cell_weights.run();
        _transpose_input_to_output_weights.run();
        _transpose_recurrent_to_forget_weights.run();
        _transpose_recurrent_to_cell_weights.run();
        _transpose_recurrent_to_output_weights.run();

        // Precompute effective biases
        if (_has_cifg)
        {
            _ones.map(true);
            std::fill_n(reinterpret_cast<int16_t *>(_ones.buffer()),
                        _ones.info()->total_size() / _ones.info()->element_size(), 32767);
            _ones.unmap();
        }
        else
        {
            _input_to_input_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();
            _recurrent_to_input_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();

            ITensorPack input_to_input_red_pack = {{ACL_SRC, _input_to_input_weights},
                                                   {ACL_DST, &_input_to_input_eff_bias}};
            CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_input_to_input_reduction, input_to_input_red_pack, false);

            ITensorPack rec_to_input_red_pack = {{ACL_SRC, _recurrent_to_input_weights},
                                                 {ACL_DST, &_recurrent_to_input_eff_bias}};
            CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_recurrent_to_input_reduction, rec_to_input_red_pack, false);

            _input_to_input_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
            _recurrent_to_input_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
            _transpose_input_to_input_weights.run();
            _transpose_recurrent_to_input_weights.run();
            _input_to_input_weights->mark_as_unused();
            _recurrent_to_input_weights->mark_as_unused();
        }
        _input_to_forget_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();
        _recurrent_to_forget_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();
        _input_to_cell_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();
        _recurrent_to_cell_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();
        _input_to_output_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();
        _recurrent_to_output_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();

        ITensorPack input_to_forget_red_pack = {{ACL_SRC, _input_to_forget_weights},
                                                {ACL_DST, &_input_to_forget_eff_bias}};
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_input_to_forget_reduction, input_to_forget_red_pack, false);

        ITensorPack rec_to_forget_red_pack = {{ACL_SRC, _recurrent_to_forget_weights},
                                              {ACL_DST, &_recurrent_to_forget_eff_bias}};
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_recurrent_to_forget_reduction, rec_to_forget_red_pack, false);

        ITensorPack input_to_cell_red_pack = {{ACL_SRC, _input_to_cell_weights}, {ACL_DST, &_input_to_cell_eff_bias}};
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_input_to_cell_reduction, input_to_cell_red_pack, false);

        ITensorPack rec_to_cell_red_pack = {{ACL_SRC, _recurrent_to_cell_weights},
                                            {ACL_DST, &_recurrent_to_cell_eff_bias}};
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_recurrent_to_cell_reduction, rec_to_cell_red_pack, false);

        ITensorPack input_to_output_red_pack = {{ACL_SRC, _input_to_output_weights},
                                                {ACL_DST, &_input_to_output_eff_bias}};
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_input_to_output_reduction, input_to_output_red_pack, false);

        ITensorPack rec_to_output_red_pack = {{ACL_SRC, _recurrent_to_output_weights},
                                              {ACL_DST, &_recurrent_to_output_eff_bias}};
        CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_recurrent_to_output_reduction, rec_to_output_red_pack, false);

        if (_has_projection)
        {
            _projection_eff_bias.allocator()->allocate();
            ITensorPack proj_red_pack{{ACL_SRC, _projection_weights}, {ACL_DST, &_projection_eff_bias}};
            CLScheduler::get().enqueue_op(*_projection_reduction, proj_red_pack, false);
            if (_projection_bias != nullptr)
            {
                _projection_bias_add.run();
                _projection_bias->mark_as_unused();
            }

            _projection_weights_transposed.allocator()->allocate();
            _transpose_projection_weights.run();
            _projection_weights->mark_as_unused();

            if (!_projection_tensor_copy_required)
            {
                _hidden_gate.mark_as_unused();
                _projection_accumulate_res.mark_as_unused();
            }
        }

        // Mark weights as unused
        _input_to_forget_weights->mark_as_unused();
        _input_to_cell_weights->mark_as_unused();
        _input_to_output_weights->mark_as_unused();
        _recurrent_to_forget_weights->mark_as_unused();
        _recurrent_to_cell_weights->mark_as_unused();
        _recurrent_to_output_weights->mark_as_unused();

        CLScheduler::get().queue().finish();
        _is_prepared = true;
    }
}

} // namespace arm_compute